神庭(一穴入发际五分。)
百会(一穴在顶心。)
囟会(一穴在上星后一寸。)
长强(一穴在尾 端。)
上随意会相宜,灸炷如麦大,灸三壮即愈。
《类萃》云∶小儿伤寒与大人无异,所以异者,兼有夹食而已,其或有二证,某证
某方皆无越张、朱格例,特不过大小之分,剂中病则止。按仲景《伤寒论》云∶春气温和,夏
气暑热,秋气清凉,冬气冷冽,此四时正气之序也。惟冬时严寒,去寒就温,不致于伤。
偶然触冒,名为伤耳。若冬冒寒,伏藏于肌肤,而未即病,至春而发者,为之温病,至夏而
发者,为之热病。至此则冬伏寒随春夏之气改变,为病既久之后,不得复言其寒也。故曰∶
温病不恶寒者,其理可见矣。如春应暖而反寒,夏应热而反冷,秋应凉而反热,冬应寒而反温,
非其时而有其气,此四时乖戾之气也。偶即中伤,谓之时气,又与伤寒不同。若小儿在襁
褓中,或长成而禀赋怯弱,多因乳母解脱衣服不避风寒所致也。然小儿患此,口不能言其致病
之由,脉不能诊其必然之理,但只烦啼发热而已,故不可不尽心焉。初得之时,婴幼则以虎
口三关脉纹红色验之。长而童稚,则以一指按其三部,据左手脉之紧盛而断之,其喘急憎寒
心气热,呵欠顿闷项急者,是也。其恶寒恶风必畏入藏身,引衣密隐,是为表证。恶热内实
者,必出头露面,扬手踯足,烦渴燥粪,掀衣气粗,是为里证。至若头额冷汗,手足凉,口冷
气,面色黑暗淡,大便泻青,此为阴证,视其小便或赤或白,可以知里热之有无,或清或浊,
可以知里之轻重。举是观之,则汗下清温之法可类推矣。
Shenting (EX-HN2, located 0.5 cun above the anterior hairline on the midline.)
Baihui (GV20, located at the apex of the head.)
Xinhui (GV22, located 1 cun posterior to Shangxing GV23.)
Changqiang (GV1, located at the tip of the coccyx.)
Moxibustion should be applied according to appropriate acupoint selection; use moxa cones the size of a wheat grain, three moxa cones per acupoint will result in cure.
*Leicui* states: Pediatric Shanghan (Cold Damage) is no different from that in adults; the only difference lies in the frequent co-occurrence of food stagnation. Regardless of whether one or two syndromes are present, neither the syndrome differentiation nor the prescription exceeds the principles established by Zhang Zhongjing and Zhu Danxi; the distinction is merely in dosage magnitude. Treatment should cease once the medicine targets the pathogen. According to Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*: The Qi of spring is mild and harmonious; the Qi of summer is hot and sultry; the Qi of autumn is cool and clear; the Qi of winter is cold and piercing. This constitutes the normal sequence of the four seasons. Only during the severe cold of winter, if one avoids cold and seeks warmth, will illness not occur. If one accidentally contracts wind-cold, it is termed "Shang" (Injury). If cold is contracted in winter but latent in the skin and muscles without immediate onset, and manifests in spring, it is called Wenbing (Warm Disease); if it manifests in summer, it is called Rebing (Heat Disease). By this time, the winter-latent cold has transformed with the Qi of spring and summer; after the disease has persisted for some time, it can no longer be referred to as cold. Thus, it is said: Patients with Warm Disease do not exhibit aversion to cold, which clarifies the rationale. If spring should be warm but is instead cold; summer should be hot but is instead cool; autumn should be cool but is instead hot; winter should be cold but is instead warm—this phenomenon where the season does not match the climate is termed the chaotic Qi of the four seasons. Accidental contraction of this pathogen is termed Shiqi (Seasonal Pathogen), which differs from Shanghan. If infants in swaddling clothes, or older children with congenital weakness, contract this due to their wet nurses exposing themselves to wind and cold without protection, it occurs. However, when children suffer from this, they cannot verbally describe the cause of illness, and pulse diagnosis alone cannot fully reveal the inevitable pathology; they simply manifest irritability, crying, and fever. Therefore, physicians must exert utmost care. Upon initial onset, for infants, redness of the pulse pattern at the Three Passages of the Tiger's Mouth is used for verification. For older toddlers, palpating the Cun, Guan, and Chi positions with one finger, judging based on the tight and vigorous pulse on the left hand, accompanied by panting, aversion to cold, heart Qi heat, yawning, sudden chest stuffiness, and neck stiffness, indicates the condition. Those who fear cold and wind, preferring to hide indoors, curl up, and tightly cover themselves with clothes, present a Biao Syndrome (Exterior Syndrome). Those who fear heat and have interior excess, preferring to expose their heads and faces, wave hands and kick feet, feel irritable and thirsty, have dry stools, push away covers, and breathe heavily, present a Li Syndrome (Interior Syndrome). Regarding cases with cold sweat on the forehead and temples, cold limbs, cold breath, dark and pale complexion, and green watery diarrhea, these constitute Yin Syndromes. Observing whether urine is red or white reveals the presence or absence of interior heat; observing whether urine is clear or turbid reveals the severity of the interior condition. From these observations, methods such as sweating, purging, clearing heat, and warming can be inferred by analogy.