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**Forehead (Heart Syndrome):** A red complexion indicates wind-heat in the Heart Meridian, primarily manifesting as mental restlessness, palpitations, and inability to sit or lie comfortably. A blue-black complexion indicates pathogenic factors within, primarily manifesting as convulsive wind and abdominal pain. *Baojian* states: When the Heart is invaded by evil, there is twitching of the hands and feet accompanied by crying. If the blue-black color is severe, it leads to heart and abdominal pain. A slightly yellow complexion with dry skin indicates night sweats. Dry, yellow, and brittle hair indicates infantile malnutrition (*Gan*) with bone-steaming fever and slight thirst.

**Left Cheek (Liver Syndrome):** A red complexion with body heat and limb stiffness indicates liver wind-heat. A blue-black complexion indicates convulsions or abdominal pain. A light red complexion with tidal fever indicates mental irritability. In some children, there is tidal fever at night and facial discomfort during the day, with red and dry lips; the prognosis may be uncertain, but the pulse will likely be tight and rapid.

**Right Cheek (Lung Syndrome):** A red complexion with body heat; a light red complexion with tidal fever, or constipation with coarse breathing and coughing with qi stagnation. A blue-white complexion indicates cough and nausea. A blue complexion indicates wind invading the lungs, causing frequent coughing. A blue-black complexion indicates impending convulsive wind, or abdominal pain, such as "panchang neidiao" (a condition of severe abdominal cramping in infants).

**Nose (Spleen Syndrome):** A red complexion with body heat and loss of appetite. A deep yellow complexion indicates urinary obstruction. Dry nostrils with coarse breathing indicate epistaxis (nosebleed). *Baojian* states: Dry nose with panting and audible nasal breathing indicates epistaxis due to lung heat. A pale white complexion indicates diarrhea and indigestion.

**Chin (Kidney Syndrome):** A red complexion indicates bladder heat. The Bladder and Kidney are exterior-interior partners; heat causes dysfunction of the water passages, leading to urinary obstruction.

**Yintang (Between Eyebrows) Syndrome:** A blue-black complexion indicates abdominal pain and nocturnal crying. *Linmi* states: Blue-black Yintang with nocturnal crying, resembling wind-cold, indicates persistent headache.

**Above Eyebrows Syndrome:** Cold pathogens indicate chronic dysentery. *Linmi* states: Dysentery patients furrow their brows. Wang Shi states: A pale white center above the eyebrows indicates diarrhea with white stool and undigested food.

**Ren Zhong (Philtrum) Syndrome:** *Baojian* states: Yellow on both sides of the Ren Zhong indicates food injury. Cyanosis below the Ren Zhong indicates undigested milk, with clear and white stool. *Linmi* states: Cyanosis below the nose and at the Ren Zhong also indicates undigested milk and food.

**Lips and Mouth Syndrome:** White lips indicate spitting saliva, vomiting, and regurgitation, and also hematemesis and hematochezia. Red, dry, and wrinkled lips indicate thirst. *Linmi* states: Thirst is accompanied by reddish lips. Red lips without wrinkles indicate bad breath, constipation, and nighttime mental restlessness preventing sleep. Red, dry, and parched lips indicate heat. Wang Shi states: Bad breath and yellow lips indicate spleen accumulation, which will later lead to swelling; nocturnal passage of white, undigested stool. It is also said: Purple lips and mouth with spitting saliva indicate worm pain. *Feixian Lun* states: Purple lips and mouth without spitting saliva indicate accumulation. *Baojian* states: Yellow around the four corners of the mouth like an orange peel indicates spleen accumulated heat. *Qianjin Fang* states: Red and mottled lips indicate heart heat and sores in the mouth and tongue. *Zhisheng Jue* states: Red lips indicate epistaxis; white-red lips with heat and movement of the lips and mouth indicate convulsive heat. It is also said: Dripping clear saliva from the mouth indicates impending double tongue (reling) and mouth sores. Some children have cold spleen with salivation and constant wetness under the neck, named "Zhiyi," which is not covered in this section. Qian Shi states: Frequent puckering of the mouth indicates disharmony of qi, treated with Yihuang San. It is also said: Blood deficiency and weakness caused by cold invasion result in cyanotic lips. Sun Taizhen states: Cyanotic lips indicate spleen cold, sometimes abdominal pain, and reduced milk/food intake.

**Tongue Syndrome:** Dry, white, black, parched, coated, yellow, or swollen red tongue indicate constipation, even if bowel movements occur, they are scanty. Scorched yellow, cracked tongue, prickles on the tongue, and bleeding from the tongue all indicate extreme heat and yang toxicity. Sores on the tongue indicate heart and spleen heat; a curled tongue indicates convulsions. In cases of chronic diarrhea/dysentery, a black tongue must be moist; do not mistake it for heat. Because chronic dysentery causes upper jiao deficient heat, a black and moist tongue is a death sign and incurable.

**Qi Obstruction Syndrome:** Qi obstruction indicates convulsive conditions. *Linmi* states: Obstruction and drinking indicate a fatal prognosis. Sighing, rigid qi, descending qi, and frequent yawning indicate convulsions.

**Ears Syndrome:** Wang Shi states: Slight redness in front of the ears indicates deafness; slight yellow indicates kidney fright. Teeth grinding during sleep and dry earlobes indicate *Gan* syndrome and bone-steaming fever.

**Pale White Complexion:** Indicates nausea, anorexia, and convulsive diarrhea. Blue-white complexion indicates vomiting and diarrhea. *Linmi* states: Indicates impending convulsive wind. Wang Shi states: Blue face and white lips indicate undigested milk and cold stomach. *Nanjing* states: Pale face with frequent sneezing, sorrow, and unhappiness, desiring only to cry.

**Blue-Black Complexion:** Spitting foam indicates worm pain; not spitting foam indicates food accumulation, and also indicates fright. *Linmi* states: Indicates Tian Diao wind, stiff back, generalized fever and irritability, often transforming into dysentery. Blue face with sweat and hot breath indicates Diaotong pain. The above three syndromes are from *Linmi*. *Baojian* states: Yellow face with night sweats, blue-white face with fright, and blue-black face with occasional spitting foam indicate Ke Wu (alien influence). Black-blue face with crying and calling is ominous for Tian Diao.

**Blue Face and Red Cheeks:** Indicates high fever and convulsions; fluctuating blue, white, and black colors indicate heart and abdominal pain with intermittent thirst. *Baojian* states: Red cheeks and yellow-white face indicate Heart Gan with high fever. *Qianjin Fang* states: Red face and yellow eyes indicate urinary incontinence. Tong Zhenzi states: Blue face with tense veins or frequent anger/stifling.

**Red Complexion:** Indicates Shaoyang fever and mental restlessness. If pale and bright, it indicates impending convulsive mania. *Linmi* states: Indicates body heat from Shaoyang disease. Tong Zhenzi states: Red face with mental restlessness and tendency to laugh.

**Yellow Face and Red Cheeks:** Indicates Shaoyang tidal fever and convulsions, restless sleep. If the flesh underneath is slightly red, it indicates Gan-food tidal fever. Qian Shi states: Heart Gan with yellow face, red cheeks, and high fever is treated with Anshen Wan.

**Yellow-White Complexion:** Indicates Gan accumulation, irregular bowel movements, nocturnal waking, indigestion, and vomiting. *Baojian* states: Yellow-white face indicates accumulation. *Linmi* states: Yellow-white face indicates spleen and lung accumulation. Tong Zhenzi states: Withered yellow complexion with unregulated diarrhea. Qian Shi states: Yellow-white face with shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and aversion to milk/food.

**Yellow Face and Eyes:** Indicates spleen heat jaundice. *Baojian* states: Jaundice is due to stomach heat. Qian Shi states: This syndrome often occurs after major illnesses; if the body is slightly yellow without illness, it is stomach heat. Yellow face with large abdomen and dry spleen. Neonatal jaundice is called Tai Dan.

**Cyan Veins on Head and Face:** This indicates impending convulsions. Heat causes spasms; vomiting causes abdominal pain. If cyan veins on the head and face rise like green ropes, urgent treatment is required. Otherwise, spasms will occur, making recovery difficult.

**Abnormal Color Changes:** Indeterminate complexion is called "Nongse." Unpredictable changes in complexion indicate fetal wind, fright, and also Ke Wu. Indeterminate colors (blue, white, or black) indicate cold pain in the heart and abdomen.