微与濡、弱相类。极软而浮细曰濡；极软而沉细曰弱；极细而软，无浮沉之别者，微脉也。微与涩、
结何以别？细而短，又迟于微，来往蹇滞曰涩；细而稍大，常有曰细；细稍长，似有似无曰微。
缓与迟二脉相类。缓脉大而慢，迟脉细而衰；缓者卫有余而营
不足，迟者阴气盛而阳气衰。二诊不同，迟脉一息三至，缓脉一息四至是也。
诸脉有止者，涩、促、结、代也。脉细而迟往来难，时一止者为涩；脉来数，时一止者，为促；
脉来缓，时一止者，为结。
《脉赞》曰∶关前一分，人命之主。左为人迎，右为气口。神门
决断，在两关后。故曰人迎紧盛则伤于寒，气口紧盛则伤于食，此人迎、气口所以有内伤、外感之辨也。
左为人迎，以候天之六气，风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火之外感者也。人迎浮盛则伤风，紧盛则伤寒，虚
弱则伤暑，沉细则伤湿，虚数则伤热，皆外所因，法当表散渗泄则愈。
右为气口，以候人之七情，喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊，内伤之邪。其喜则脉散，怒则脉激，忧则脉
涩，思则脉结，悲则脉紧，恐则脉沉，惊则脉动，皆内所因。看与何部相应，即知何脏何经受
病，方乃不失病机，法当温顺以消平之。其如诊按表里，名义情状，姑如后说。但《经》所谓，神者，脉
之主；脉者，血之府；气者，神之御。脉者，气之使，长则气治，短则气病，数则烦心，大则病进。
文藻虽雅，义理难明。动静之辞；有博有约。博则二十四字，不滥丝毫；约则浮、沉、迟、数，总括纲纪，
辞理粲然。浮为风，为虚；沉为湿，为实。迟为寒，为冷；数为热，为燥。风、寒、湿、热属
于外，虚、实、冷，燥属于内，内外既分，三因须别，学人宜详观览，不可惮烦也。
The *Wei* (Micro) pulse is similar to the *Ru* (Soggy) and *Ruo* (Weak) pulses. Extremely soft and floating-thin is called *Ru*; extremely soft and sinking-thin is called *Ruo*; extremely thin and soft, without distinction between floating and sinking, is the *Wei* pulse.
How to distinguish *Wei* from *Se* (Choppy) and *Jie* (Knotted)? Thin and short, slower than *Wei*, with difficult and stagnant coming and going is *Se*; thin and slightly large, constantly present is *Xi* (Fine); thin and slightly long, seeming to exist yet seemingly not, is *Wei*.
The *Huan* (Moderate) pulse and *Chi* (Slow) pulse are similar. The *Huan* pulse is large and slow; the *Chi* pulse is thin and weak. *Huan* indicates excess in *Wei Qi* (Defensive Qi) and deficiency in *Ying Qi* (Nutritive Qi); *Chi* indicates excess of Yin Qi and deficiency of Yang Qi. These two pulse diagnoses differ: *Chi* beats three times per respiration cycle, while *Huan* beats four times per respiration cycle.
Among various pulses, those with pauses are *Se*, *Cu* (Rapid-interrupted), *Jie*, and *Dai* (Intermittent). A pulse that is thin and slow, difficult in flow, with occasional pauses is *Se*; a pulse that comes rapidly with occasional pauses is *Cu*; a pulse that comes slowly with occasional pauses is *Jie*.
The *Mai Zan* (Pulse Eulogy) states: One fen before the Guan position is the master of human life. The left side is Renying, the right side is Qikou. Shenmen (Spirit Gate) governs decision-making, located behind both Guan positions. Thus it is said: If Renying is tight and full, it indicates injury by Cold; if Qikou is tight and full, it indicates injury by food. This is why Renying and Qikou allow for differentiation between internal injury and external contraction.
The left side, Renying, observes the Six Qi of Heaven, namely Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire—external contractions. If Renying is floating and full, it is Wind injury; if tight and full, Cold injury; if deficient and weak, Summerheat injury; if sinking and thin, Dampness injury; if deficient and rapid, Heat injury. All are external causes, and the treatment method should be dispersing via the exterior or leaching out dampness to achieve cure.
The right side, Qikou, observes the Seven Emotions of Humans: Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sorrow, Fear, and Fright—internal injury pathogens. Joy makes the pulse scattered; Anger makes the pulse agitated; Worry makes the pulse choppy; Thought makes the pulse knotted; Sorrow makes the pulse tight; Fear makes the pulse sinking; Fright makes the pulse moving. All are internal causes. Observing which position corresponds allows one to know which Zang organ or Meridian is diseased, thus not missing the disease mechanism. The treatment method should be warming and smoothing to eliminate and pacify.
Regarding the diagnosis of Exterior and Interior, names, meanings, and conditions, let them be as stated below. However, the *Jing* (Classic) says: Spirit (Shen) is the master of the pulse; Pulse is the mansion of Blood; Qi is the charioteer of Shen. Pulse is the envoy of Qi. Long pulse indicates regulated Qi; Short pulse indicates Qi disease; Rapid pulse indicates vexation of the Heart; Large pulse indicates disease progression. Although the literary style is elegant, the principles are difficult to clarify. The descriptions of movement and stillness vary from extensive to concise. Extensive covers twenty-four characters without wasting a particle; Concise uses Floating, Sinking, Slow, and Rapid to summarize the guidelines, with clear rhetoric and logic. Floating indicates Wind and Deficiency; Sinking indicates Dampness and Excess. Slow indicates Cold and Chill; Rapid indicates Heat and Dryness. Wind, Cold, Dampness, and Heat belong to the Exterior; Deficiency, Excess, Cold, and Dryness belong to the Interior. Once Exterior and Interior are distinguished, the Three Causes must be differentiated. Students should examine this in detail and not shy away from trouble.