治咳而上气，此为肺张，其人喘，目如脱状，脉浮大者。
麻黄（六两） 石膏（半斤） 生姜（三两） 大枣（十五枚） 甘草（二两） 半夏
（半
斤）
上六味，以水六升，先煮麻黄去沫，纳药，取三升，分温三服。
治肺胀咳而上气，烦躁而喘，脉浮者，心下有水。
麻黄 桂枝 细辛 芍药 甘草（各三两） 五味子（半斤） 干姜（三两） 半夏（半
斤） 石
膏（三两）
上九味，以水一斗，煮麻黄去沫，纳诸药，取三升，强人服一升，羸者减之，日三服，
小儿
喻嘉言曰∶前一方，麻黄汤中以杏仁易石膏，而加姜、枣，则发散之力微而且缓；后一
方中
过汗
半夏
中，
裁后学
治风寒在表，脉浮弱，自汗出，头痛发热，恶风恶寒，鼻鸣干呕等症。杂症自汗、盗汗、
虚
桂枝 芍药 生姜（各三两） 甘草（炙，二两） 大枣（十二枚）
上五味，以水七升，煮取三升，服一升，覆令微汗，不可令如水流漓，病必不除。若服
一升
柯韵伯曰∶此方为仲景群方之冠，乃滋阴和阳、解肌发汗、调和营卫之第一方也。凡中
风、
具矣
故麻
义尽
得用
与心
能到
桂
安
助
要知此方专治表虚，能解肌以发营中之汗，而不能开皮毛之窍，以出卫分之邪，故汗不出者
是麻黄症，脉浮紧者是麻黄脉，即不得与桂枝汤矣。（此明不用桂枝之故。）然初起无汗，当
用麻黄发汗，如汗解后复烦，即脉浮数者，不得更与麻黄而用桂枝。如下后脉仍浮，气上冲
与下利止，而身痛不休者，皆用此解外，何故？盖此时表虽不解，腠理已疏，邪不在皮毛而
在肌肉，故脉证虽同麻黄，而主治当属桂枝也。（此明必用桂枝之故。）粗工妄谓桂枝汤专治
中风，不治伤寒，使人疑而不用。不知此汤以治自汗、盗汗、虚疟、虚痢，随手而愈。因知
仲景方可通治百病。后人遇一症，便集百方以眩人，使人无下手处，岂不陋哉！
Treats cough with upward rushing of Qi, which indicates lung distension. The patient experiences wheezing, eyes protruding as if about to fall out, and a floating, large pulse.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) [6 liang], Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) [0.5 jin], Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) [3 liang], Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, 大枣) [15 pieces], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) [2 liang], Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia, 半夏) [0.5 jin].
Take the above six ingredients, add six sheng of water, first boil Ephedrae Herba to remove the foam, then add the remaining herbs. Decoct until three sheng remain. Divide into three doses and take warm.
Treats lung distension with cough and upward rushing of Qi, irritability, wheezing, and a floating pulse, indicating fluid retention in the epigastrium.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin, 细辛), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao, 芍药), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) [each 3 liang], Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 五味子) [0.5 jin], Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang, 干姜) [3 liang], Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia, 半夏) [0.5 jin], Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) [3 liang].
Take the above nine ingredients, add one dou of water, first boil Ephedrae Herba to remove the foam, then add all other herbs. Decoct until three sheng remain. For robust individuals, take one sheng per dose; for frail individuals, reduce the dose. Take three times daily.
[Pediatric dosage should be adjusted accordingly.]
Yu Jiayan stated: In the former formula (referring to Xiao Qing Long Jia Shi Gao Tang), by replacing Xing Ren (Apricot Seed) with Shigao (Gypsum) in Ma Huang Tang and adding Jiang (Ginger) and Zao (Jujube), the dispersing power becomes mild and slow. In the latter formula (referring to Yue Bi Jia Ban Xia Tang)... [Text fragment implies contrast in potency]... to guide later learners.
Treats wind-cold pathogen on the exterior, with a floating and weak pulse, spontaneous sweating, headache, fever, aversion to wind and cold, nasal congestion with roaring sound, and dry vomiting. Also applicable to spontaneous sweating, night sweats, and deficiency patterns in miscellaneous diseases... [Text fragment].
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao, 芍药), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) [each 3 liang], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted, 2 liang], Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, 大枣) [12 pieces].
Take the above five ingredients, add seven sheng of water, decoct until three sheng remain. Take one sheng per dose. After ingestion, cover with blankets to induce slight sweating. Do not allow profuse sweating like flowing water, otherwise the disease will not be resolved. If after taking one sheng... [Text fragment, typically implies repeating or adjusting dose].
Ke Yunbo stated: This formula is the crown jewel among Zhang Zhongjing's formulas. It is the primary formula for nourishing yin and harmonizing yang, resolving the muscle layer to induce sweating, and harmonizing Ying and Wei. Regarding wind-stroke... [Text fragment]... it covers all indications.
Therefore, Ma Huang... [Text fragment]... the meaning is fully contained.
Can use... [Text fragment]... with Heart... [Text fragment]... can reach... [Text fragment]... Gui... [Text fragment]... An... [Text fragment]... Assist... [Text fragment]...
It must be known that this formula specifically treats exterior deficiency. It can resolve the muscle layer to induce sweating from the Ying level, but cannot open the pores to expel pathogens from the Wei level. Therefore, absence of sweating indicates a Ma Huang Tang syndrome, and a floating, tight pulse indicates a Ma Huang Tang pulse; thus, Gui Zhi Tang should not be used. (This clarifies why Gui Zhi Tang is not used.) However, at the initial stage without sweating, Ma Huang should be used to induce sweating. If irritability recurs after sweating, even with a floating and rapid pulse, Ma Huang should not be used again; instead, Gui Zhi Tang should be employed. If after purgation the pulse remains floating and there is upward rushing of Qi... [Text fragment, likely "Qi rushing upward"]... and also when diarrhea stops but body pain persists, this formula (Gui Zhi Tang) is used to release the exterior. Why? Because although the exterior is not yet resolved, the couli (pores/interstices) have become loose, and the pathogen is no longer in the skin/hair but in the muscles. Thus, although the pulse and symptoms resemble those of Ma Huang Tang, the treatment should belong to Gui Zhi Tang. (This clarifies why Gui Zhi Tang must be used.) Unskilled physicians wrongly claim that Gui Zhi Tang only treats wind-stroke and does not treat cold damage, causing people to doubt and avoid using it. They do not know that this decoction can cure spontaneous sweating, night sweats, deficiency malaria, and deficiency dysentery with ease. From this, we learn that Zhang Zhongjing's formulas can treat hundreds of diseases. Later generations, encountering a single symptom, gather hundreds of formulas to confuse people, leaving them with no place to start. Is this not shallow!