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A question was asked regarding the distinctions among Jing (Fright), Ji (Palpitation), Zhengchong (Severe Palpitation), and Kongbu (Fear/Terror). The response was: Ji is synonymous with Zhengchong. Zhengchong refers to a state where there is no initial feeling of fright or fear, but rather an internal restlessness and agitation. Jing refers to being suddenly startled due to external stimuli. Zhang Zihe stated: "Jing occurs when one is unaware (sudden/unexpected), whereas Kong occurs when one is aware." Generally speaking, Jing is triggered by hearing a loud noise, while Kong arises from a conscious awareness, resembling the feeling of being hunted, or the inability to stay alone without companionship to avoid fear, or feeling fearful in the dark without light. Bu (Terror) and Kong are semantically identical. The *Huangdi Neijing* does not use the term "Jingbu," which first appears in the *Jingui Yaolue*. It states "Jingbu," indicating that Jing and Kong are equivalent to Jingbu. Typically, terms paired together as headings represent a yin-yang duality. For instance, Xi (Joy) and Nu (Anger) are paired. Joy originates from the Heart, which resides in Yang; Anger originates from the Liver, which resides in Yin. Zhi (Willpower) and Yi (Intent) are paired. Zhi is static and unchanging, representing Yin; Yi is dynamic and unstable, representing Yang. Jing and Kong are paired. Jing is caused by external triggers disturbing the heart internally; when the Heart moves, the Shen (Spirit) becomes unsettled. Kong is caused by external influences depleting the Zhi internally; when the Zhi is deficient, the Shen retreats. Therefore, the *Huangdi Neijing* states: "Jing causes the Heart to have no foundation, the Shen to have no refuge, and thoughts to lack certainty, resulting in chaotic Qi." "Kong causes the Shen to retreat; retreat leads to the closure of the Upper Jiao; closure causes Qi to return; returning Qi causes distension in the Lower Jiao, thus impeding Qi movement." It also states: "Those who were once noble but became lowly, or once wealthy but became poor, may suffer from internal knotting of fear and worry, leading to Tuoying (depletion of Ying blood) and loss of Jing (Essence). When the disease is deep and Qi is exhausted, they may suddenly become frightened." These cases illustrate diseases originating externally that disturb the internal Heart-Shen. If Jing and Kong arise from internal imbalances of Yin and Yang, Jing is caused by Fire-Heat scorching and agitating the Heart; Heart agitation leads to Shen disorder. Since Shen movement lacks strength, the manifestations of Jing vary according to its location and interaction with the Five Spirits. The Liver stores Hun (Ethereal Soul); if Hun is unsettled, it results in Jinghai (fright/terror) and jingwang (delirious fright). The Lungs store Po (Corporeal Soul); if Po is unsettled, it results in jingzao (agitated fright). The Spleen stores Yi (Intellect); if Yi is not focused, it results in jinghuo (confused fright). The Kidneys store Zhi (Willpower); if Zhi is deficient, it leads to fear and palpitations. The Stomach, though lacking spirit, is the Sea of the Five Zang organs; when various Heat pathogens converge here, it can cause Jingkuang (frightful mania). Hearing wooden sounds may also cause palpitations. Kong, however, is caused by Heat damaging the Kidneys; Kidney damage leads to Jing deficiency, which leads to Zhi insufficiency. Since Zhi is inherently stable and unchanging, Kong presents without other varied symptoms. Regarding the pathogenic factors for Jing in the *Neijing*, they include Fire-Heat, climatic factors like Re-Yin Si Tian/Zai Quan (excessive Heat governing Heaven/Earth), winning and repelling Qi, heat diseases of specific meridians, accumulation of San Yang (Three Yang meridians), and Qi merging into Yang. Thus, the Pathogenesis chapter summarizes: "All diseases involving fright and terror belong to Fire." Regarding pathogenic factors for Kong, they include Jing merging into the Kidneys causing Kong; Blood deficiency causing Kong; insufficient Yin and invading Yang with Yin-Yang conflict causing Kong; Stomach Heat combined with weak Kidney Qi causing Kong; and Kidney meridian pathology with deficient Qi causing Kong. In the case of the Liver, Jing and Kong interact because the Liver belongs to Yang yet resides in Yin. It stores Blood and Hun; if Hun is unsettled, Shen moves, causing Jing; if Blood is deficient, Zhi is depleted, causing Kong. These are endogenous conditions arising from disturbances in human Yin and Yang. The treatment principle is: for Jing, calm the Shen; for Kong, stabilize the Zhi. Shen belongs to Yang, which is Qi and Fire; Zhi belongs to Yin, which is Jing and Water. The mutual interaction of Water and Fire depends on Yin-Jing ascending to calm the Shen and Yang-Qi descending to stabilize the Zhi. When the Shen is calm, scattered Qi can be gathered; when Qi is gathered, the Yang pathway functions. When the Zhi is stabilized, lost Jing can be secured; when Jing is secured, Yin Qi functions properly. For Jing caused by external events, Zhang Zihe advocated the method of "Ping" (Leveling/Desensitization). "Ping" means making it ordinary; exposing the patient repeatedly to the stimulus until they become accustomed and no longer frightened is indeed a good method. However, I believe it is better to first help them calm their mind and regulate their Qi, followed by calming the Shen and stabilizing the Zhi, which is more appropriate.