先生善于取历代各家之精华，乐于学习同道之长处，从不闭门自守，自恃门户之见。而是不论派别，兼收并蓄，融各家之说于一炉，参以己见，使之更臻于完备。先生虽精研伤寒，然而对温病亦颇有见地，在其遗著中可以看到，在剖析伤寒之时，诸流派之长皆收纳其中。在论述温病时，仲景立法之意及诸家之说已融注于内。见解不同之处，还两存其说，以启后学深究其理，偶遇创新之见，则附录于后以博其识。先生立论持平，不以偏见取舍，足见其求实的态度。
先生与京都名医肖龙友为挚友，其间相互敬重，互相切磋，传为医坛佳话。先生十分敬重赵树屏、秦伯未等名家的学识，赵，秦二老亦十分感佩先生精湛之学术。每相与论及医学，流连忘返者，屡见不鲜。先生与施今墨、张菊人诸老为近邻，彼此间学术交往乃为常事。先生与中医皮科专家赵炳南老，长期协作，默契配合；外有病需调治于内者，赵老举荐于先生，内有病而又见于外者，先生介绍于赵老。如此互相敬重，相互配合，数十年如一日。至今，赵老案几之上，仍有先生所赠之壶，以表对先生的怀念。先生不放过任何学习机会，即便是零金碎玉，点滴经验，也视为珍宝而收录。他对于晚辈，同样十分器重。对其咨询及学术上的见解，总是认真思索之后，再论是非。每遇学生有卓见之时，他不仅热情勉励，而且乐于取其长而增己见。诸如某翁之验案，某人之效方，某公之见解之类，于先生随记中，常可见到。其谦虚好学的精神贯彻于其医学生涯之始终。先生曾将其书斋命名为知不足轩。
更为可贵的是，他精于中医而通晓西医。在京师大学堂医学馆时，学习西医的成绩，皆在九十七分以上，故每于临证之时，凡可参以西说者，先生乐于相参以用于实践。及至晚年，在中医建设和中西医结合的问题上，发表过至今看来仍有参考价值的意见。先生主张中医建设首先抓好三个环节：一是整编古典医籍，二是搜集中医人材，三是筹办高等中医院校及医院。对中西医结合则应分两步；于医术上，可谋速成结合，在学术上，则从根本理论上做起，乃是长期艰巨的工作。前者可收速效，后者可达融会贯通。二者结合，方可奏效。
由于先生在中医方面建树卓著，多次受到中央领导同志的亲切接见。九五七年他卧病在床时，党和国家领导人十分关注，周总理曾派专人往视，林伯渠秘书长、李德全部长等亲临病榻慰问。先生虽重病在身，仍时时不忘新中国医药卫生事业，曾拟著述计划，但终因病势沉重，未能遂愿。先生暮年，壮心不已之精神，使人忆起一九五六年在党的中医政策鼓舞下，先生同汇聚北京的中医名家，为振兴中华民族医学踌躇满志的情景。当时，秦伯未老有诗赞云：
祖国相呼唤，欣然来北京。
一时逢盛会，四座尽知名。
赵、董推先觉〔1〕。袁、施属老成〔2〕。
举杯无限意，期待展平生。
期待展平生，是前辈之夙愿，也是对后学的鞭策。在回忆先生治学道路的同时，深感肩头重任的分量。愿和中医同道一起,学习前辈们的治学精神，为振兴祖国医学做出努力。
一代名医一一施今墨
祝谌予
【施今墨小传】施今墨(188l～1969)，浙江萧山人，原名毓黔，字奖生。十三岁从其舅父李可亭先生学医。成年追随黄兴先生，参与辛亥革命。民国初专业医，素主中西医结合，取长补短，毕生致力于中医之革新．解放后曾受毛主席接见，参加过最高国务会议并任三、四、五届全国政协委员。曾任儿童医院、首都医院、北京医院顾问。
先生十三岁即从其舅父河南安阳名医李可亭先生学医，后来进入京师法政学堂，接受革命理论。先生见到清廷之腐败无能，认识到欲使我中华民族繁荣昌盛，非青年有志之士奋力革命不可，于是追随黄兴先生奔走革命。
辛亥革命推翻了满清政府，在南京成立了国民革命临时政府，孙中山先生就任临时大总统，黄兴先生协助之。但多数官员仍似昔日之争权夺利，不顾人民疾苦。先生深感夙志未酬，慨然叹曰：不为良相，便为良医。遂脱离宦海，专以医为业。
先生一生志抱革新，业医亦趋革新。先生认为西医有许多科学仪器辅助诊断，辨病明确，但治疗方法不如中医之多。故于五十多年前即采用西医诊断手段，中医辨证治疗，疗效显著，声名大噪。许多疑难病患者，经先生精心治疗，多获显效。先生尝谓：治疑难大症，必须集中优势兵力，一鼓作气，始能奏效。因循应付，非医德也。
先生善用《金匮》、《伤寒》之经方。每每合剂使用，加之先生所创对药(药物配伍)，难免方剂稍大，药味众多，常被当时医生所讥。其实，先生用药组方，极有法度，绝非堆砌药物，胸中无数。先生尝曰：临证如临阵，用药如用兵。必须明辨症侯，详慎组方，灵活用药。不知医理，即难辨证，辨证不明，无从立法，遂致堆砌药物，杂乱无章。
有时先生亦常用单味药或单方出奇制胜。如治内蒙古某妇患热痹，关节红肿疼痛，发高热，日夜号叫。当时众医均以风、寒、湿痹治之，而先生诊之曰：此热痹也。处方一味紫雪丹3克顿服，日二次。服后痛减，即不号叫，但药力过后，疼痛再发，热亦未退，先生加量紫雪，每次6克，日二次。旋即高热渐退，疼痛大减，已能安卧。但某医认为紫雪不宜多服，病家遂即停用。然药停后，热再发，痛又大作。患者家属再次求诊于先生，先生曰；药力不够耳。遂嘱用紫雪丹6克顿服，日三次。前后共用紫雪丹60克，病遂痊愈。可见先生并非仅善用大方，而亦善用单方、小方，关键在于辨证准确，又善用药，故效如桴鼓。
先生治病，重视审证求因。如某青年患腰椎增生，腰痛如折，行动困难，屡经中西医治疗未效。后求诊于先生，经四诊观察，断为肾虚所致。嘱其每日服枸杞子30克，一个月后，腰痛大减，行动自如。嘱其再服一个月，巩固疗效。此人今已五十余岁，腰痛迄未再发，每每言及，盛赞先生之高明。
又治民国初年某议员上呕血，下便血，病情险恶，当时群医束手，后延先生诊治。先生观前医诸方均以止血为主，并无少效。先生沉思者再；中医理论，上病取其下，下病取其上。呕血宜降，便血宜升，而今上下俱病，升降均不相宜，当如何处置?先生认为，上下俱病当取其中，补中之药以吉林野山参为最佳。嘱其家人，急购老山参60克，微火嫩煮，频频饮服，不拘次数。经一昼夜，呕血便血均止，人亦清醒，患者伏枕频频致谢。可见先生辨证精确，独具巧思，谙熟药性，用当通神。
先生医德极好，虽名扬海内外，但接人待事，谦恭诚恳，从不诽贬同道。专视他人之长，常忖个人之短。如对某病自己经验较少，即推荐病人至有专长的医生处诊治；甚至对学生的治疗经验，也常常接受使用。
先生虚怀若谷。如在解放前曾于重庆乘滑杆，见轿工口含一物，爬山越岭，并不气促，询之，知为蚧蚧尾。后用于治肾虚之喘，屡屡奏效。
先生在学术上有其独到的见解，毕生致力于临床实践，认为祖国医学理论必须与临床实践相结合，没有临床实践只是空谈理论并非良医。对古人之论述，必须付诸实践才能深有体会。从实践中又敢于突破旧框框，方能推陈出新。诸如《内经》、《伤寒》、《金匮》、《本草》、《温病》以及历代名家著述，虽称圭臬，亦须从临床实践中深入体会。先生尝谓：绝不能拼凑症状以命证，亦不可拘执成方以治病。
先生认为气血为人身体物质基础，实属重要。因此提出：阴阳应为总纲，表、里、虚、实、寒、热，气、血为辨证八纲。这是先生对于中医基础理论八纲辨证的新发展。
又如治外感发热性病，先生认为：凡内有蕴热，方易招致外邪：若无内在因素，仅有外因则多不能伤人。表证不可只知发汗，切应注意清里。既应解表亦应清理，在解与清二字上仔细推敲，故创立七解三清(即解表药与清里药之比例为七比三，下同)、三解七清、五解五清等法，用之得当，效如桴鼓。先生擅长治脾胃病，曾拟治脾胃病十法，即温、清、补、消、通、泻、涩、降，和、生。其意为：寒宜温，热宜清，虚宜补，实宜消，痛宜通，腑实宜泻，肠滑宜涩，呕逆宜降，嘈杂宜和，津枯宜生(具体用法详见《施今墨临床经验集》，人民卫生出版社)。
先生一生革新不息。如认为中药汤剂服用不便，并且浪费甚多，曾设置制药厂，提炼药物，用量小，服用方便。虽因用人不当，半途而废，但革新精神，可见一斑。又如三十年代尚无中医医院之设，先生创立中医医院，使用西医诊断仪器，采用中医辨证治疗。当时规模虽小，但此创新精神，实为可佩。
先生在办学方面亦主革新，不存中西医门户之见。大力提倡中西医学互相取长补短。一九三二年创办华北国医学院，课程设置以中医为主，兼设西医基础课程，如解剖，生理等。到解放前为止，培养出五百多名中医，现多已成为骨干力量。先生此举，可谓创中西医结合之先河。
先生为中医事业，鞠躬尽瘁。国民党统治时期，曾有废止中医之举。先生奔走南北，联合同道，在南京组织请愿，在报纸上大声疾呼，引起人民之响应，迫使国民政府撤销废止中医一案。
解放后，先生亦多次上书，维护中医事业，虽屡遭某些人责难，甚至讥笑诽谤，而先生坚持拥护党的政策，从事中西医结合事业，不遗余力。一九六九年八月二十二日在京逝世。临终嘱其儿女、门婿等，必须将医案整理出书。他说：余虽身死，但我的医术留给后人，仍为人民服务。并嘱将遗体解剖，为医学研究做出最终贡献。
一九八一年四月十六日为先生诞生百年纪念日，其子女，门婿及学生们在京举行纪念会，交流施氏学术经验，并将先生解放后所诊之有效病例，积累成册，定名《施今墨临床经验集》，由人民卫生出版社出版，以资纪念。
从施今墨老师获得的学识和教诲
朱师墨·
施今墨老师医学渊博，经验丰富，融通中西，推陈出新，兼以热心挹菁拔萃，提携后学，为祖国医学的继承和发扬，做出了重要贡献。师墨虽蒙殷切诱导，侍诊学习有年，但由于天分有限，努力有亏，自稽所获，只是粗识途径，不敢说已登堂入室，妄称师传门人。
我跟施老师侍诊学习之始，施师即及时指出：经典著作是祖国医学之基本，是必修的功课。中医内科则概括妇、幼等诸病证治。故历来医家，其凡精于内科者无不兼工妇、幼等科。张仲景为内科证治专家之鼻祖，在《金匮要略》中则有妇人诸病脉证并治之作。孙思邈著录《千金要方》达六十卷之多，后来更著《千金翼方》以增充之，其内容对妇、幼等各科方治俱备，而尤备妇科。秦越人过秦为小儿医，过洛阳为耳目痹医，过赵则为带下医，可见中医内科概括之广，且为诸科之主。施老师认为；其有好逸恶劳者，怕下苦工，舍本求末。例如学习妇科，若只固守傅青主书不放，只习用生化、四物等数方不变，以统治妇人诸病，此乃借傅青主妇科之盛名，以自高身价而以专家自炫，欺世盗名，不足为训，非吾之徒也。
如上足见施老师对门人的要求是十分严格的。他对治学态度的教诲是：必须锲而不舍，志坚金石；纵览群籍，精究专业；博采众长，不偏不倚。对于脉证并治严格要求切重实际，遵循真理，正确辨证，对证施冶，深中肯綮，突出重点，整体考虑，全面衡量。他对德才并重，主张必须广结师友，德才自尚，互相砥砺，真诚相见。(师墨附识；昔贤有言，多师为良师，良朋同师保。抗日战争期间，武汉沦陷，师墨迁沪开业，对《伤寒论》等经典著作有不够了解之处，常去请教陆渊雷先生，先生虽以友道客礼相待，而师墨则尊之若师。师墨对孟河费氏学术，深为服膺。其传人丁氏之《丁甘仁医案》，粗看似亦一般，深入细读，乃觉不同凡响。于是每日凌晨，即展卷究读，不敢或懈，视同良师传技，收到侍诊见习之效。故尝自订铭辞；亲炙施今墨，私淑丁甘仁。
施老师还经常告诫门人：戒主观，戒机械，戒玄幻，戒泛滥，戒故步自封，戒空论侈说。所以，施老师既反对厚古薄今，亦排斥非理性的标新立异。他又经常郑重地指出；病是活的，多数是复杂而多变的，而且机枢相通，顺逆相从，关系相应，矛盾相对，其间错综曲折，潜晦隐微，古今中外之上工高手，亦时苦未能尽窥其奥。所以在诊治上，千万要全面精察，苦心探索；灵活运用，谨密掌握，选药准方，选方准病，不可执一药以论方，不可执一方以论病，不可徇一家之好而有失，不可肆一派之专而致误。其有厌学图便者，只是习用极少数成方、单方以统治万病，非吾之徒也。
Mr. Shi was adept at extracting the essence of various schools of thought from past dynasties and was eager to learn the strengths of his peers, never closing himself off or adhering rigidly to sectarian views. Instead, regardless of the school, he absorbed everything comprehensively, integrating the theories of various schools into a unified whole, incorporating his own insights to make them more complete. Although Mr. Shi had studied the *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases) extensively, he also had profound insights into Wenbing (Warm Disease theory). From his posthumous works, it can be seen that when analyzing Shanghan diseases, he incorporated the strengths of all schools; when discussing Warm Diseases, the legislative intent of Zhang Zhongjing and the theories of various families were already integrated within. For areas where viewpoints differed, he preserved both explanations to inspire later students to investigate their principles deeply; occasionally, innovative views were appended to broaden knowledge. His theoretical arguments were fair and balanced, free from prejudice, demonstrating his pragmatic attitude.
Mr. Shi was close friends with Xiao Longyou, a renowned physician in Beijing. They respected each other and exchanged medical expertise, a story celebrated in the medical community. Mr. Shi greatly admired the scholarship of Zhao Shuping and Qin Bowei, who in turn deeply appreciated Mr. Shi's exquisite academic proficiency. Whenever they discussed medicine, they often lingered forgetfully, a common occurrence. Mr. Shi lived near senior physicians like Shi Jinmo and Zhang Juren, making academic exchanges between them routine. He collaborated closely with Zhao Bingnan, an expert in dermatology, with tacit understanding: for external conditions requiring internal regulation, Dr. Zhao referred patients to Mr. Shi; for internal conditions manifesting externally, Mr. Shi referred them to Dr. Zhao. This mutual respect and cooperation lasted for decades. Even today, a teapot gifted by Mr. Shi remains on Dr. Zhao's desk as a token of remembrance. Mr. Shi seized every learning opportunity, treating even fragmented experiences and bits of knowledge as treasures. He valued younger colleagues highly. Regarding their inquiries and academic insights, he always pondered carefully before commenting on their merits. When students offered unique perspectives, he not only encouraged them enthusiastically but also gladly adopted their strengths to enrich his own views. Records of cases from certain elders, effective prescriptions from certain individuals, and insights from certain scholars are frequently found in Mr. Shi's notes. His humble and eager-to-learn spirit permeated his entire medical career. He named his study "Zhibuzu Xuan" (Pavilion of Knowing One's Insufficiency).
More commendably, he was proficient in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and well-versed in Western Medicine. During his studies at the Medical Hall of Jingzhou University, his Western medicine scores were consistently above 97. Thus, in clinical practice, whenever Western theories could be referenced, he happily integrated them into practice. In his later years, he expressed opinions on TCM construction and the integration of Chinese and Western medicine that remain valuable references today. Mr. Shi advocated that TCM construction should first focus on three links: first, editing classical medical texts; second, collecting TCM talents; third, establishing higher-level TCM colleges and hospitals. Regarding the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, he proposed a two-step approach: technically, rapid integration could be pursued; academically, work should begin from fundamental theories, which is a long-term and arduous task. The former yields quick results, while the latter achieves thorough mastery. Only by combining both can effectiveness be achieved.
Due to his outstanding contributions to TCM, Mr. Shi was received by central leaders multiple times. In 1957, when he was bedridden, national leaders showed great concern. Premier Zhou Enlai sent special envoys to visit him, and Secretary-General Lin Boqu and Minister Li De personally visited his bedside. Despite his severe illness, Mr. Shi constantly kept in mind the medical and health cause of New China. He planned to write books but failed due to his deteriorating condition. His indomitable spirit in his twilight years reminded people of the scene in 1956, inspired by the Party's TCM policy, when Mr. Shi and other renowned TCM doctors gathered in Beijing, full of confidence to revitalize Chinese medicine. At that time, Qin Bowei wrote a poem praising the occasion:
The motherland calls, we joyfully come to Beijing.
A grand gathering brings together famous names.
Zhao and Dong are recognized as pioneers,
Yuan and Shi are esteemed as veterans.
Raising glasses with infinite meaning,
Expecting to fulfill our lifelong aspirations.
"Expecting to fulfill our lifelong aspirations" is the long-held wish of seniors and a spur for juniors. Recalling Mr. Shi's path of scholarship, one feels the weight of responsibility on one's shoulders. May we, along with fellow TCM practitioners, learn from the scholarly spirit of our predecessors and strive to revitalize our nation's medicine.
A Renowned Physician of Our Generation — Shi Jinmo
By Zhu Shenyu
[Biography of Shi Jinmo] Shi Jinmo (1881–1969), born in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, originally named Yu Qian, courtesy name Jiangsheng. He began studying medicine under his maternal uncle, Mr. Li Keting, at age thirteen. As an adult, he followed Mr. Huang Xing and participated in the Xinhai Revolution. In the early Republic of China, he practiced medicine professionally, advocating for the integration of Chinese and Western medicine to complement each other, dedicating his life to the reform of TCM. After liberation, he was received by Chairman Mao Zedong, attended the Supreme State Affairs Conference, and served as a member of the Third, Fourth, and Fifth National Committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He served as an advisor to Children's Hospital, Capital Hospital, and Beijing Hospital.
At age thirteen, Mr. Shi studied medicine under his maternal uncle, Li Keting, a renowned doctor from Anyang, Henan. Later, he entered the Jingzhou Law and Politics Academy to receive revolutionary theory. Seeing the corruption and incompetence of the Qing court, he realized that for the Chinese nation to prosper, young patriots must strive for revolution. Thus, he followed Huang Xing in revolutionary activities.
The Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Manchu Qing government, establishing the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing, with Sun Yat-sen as Provisional President and Huang Xing assisting him. However, most officials continued to vie for power and profit, disregarding the people's suffering. Deeply disappointed that his original ambition remained unfulfilled, Mr. Shi sighed, "If I cannot be a good prime minister, I will be a good doctor." He left officialdom and devoted himself entirely to medicine.
Mr. Shi's lifelong ambition was reform, and his medical practice also leaned towards innovation. He believed that while Western medicine had many scientific instruments for accurate diagnosis, its treatment methods were less diverse than TCM. Therefore, over fifty years ago, he adopted Western diagnostic methods combined with TCM syndrome differentiation, achieving significant efficacy and widespread fame. Many patients with difficult and chronic diseases achieved remarkable results under his careful treatment. Mr. Shi often said, "Treating difficult and severe diseases requires concentrating superior forces to strike decisively; procrastination violates medical ethics."
Mr. Shi skillfully used classic formulas from the *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet) and *Shanghan Lun*. He often combined formulas and created pairs of herbs (herb combinations), resulting in larger prescriptions with many ingredients, which were sometimes ridiculed by contemporary doctors. In fact, Mr. Shi's prescription formulation was highly methodical, far from merely piling up drugs without clear intent. He stated, "Clinical practice is like battle; using medicine is like deploying troops." One must clearly distinguish symptoms, carefully formulate prescriptions, and use medicines flexibly. Without understanding medical principles, one cannot differentiate syndromes; without clear differentiation, one cannot establish treatment methods, leading to chaotic drug accumulation.
Sometimes Mr. Shi also used single herbs or simple formulas to achieve surprising results. For example, he treated a woman from Inner Mongolia suffering from Heat Bi (Heat-type Arthralgia), with red, swollen, painful joints, high fever, and constant crying day and night. Other doctors treated it as Wind-Cold-Damp Bi, but Mr. Shi diagnosed it as Heat Bi. He prescribed Zixue Dan (Purple Snow Pill) 3g taken at once, twice daily. After taking it, pain decreased, and she stopped crying, but when the drug's effect wore off, pain returned, and fever persisted. Mr. Shi increased the dosage of Zixue to 6g each time, twice daily. Soon, the high fever subsided, pain reduced significantly, and she could sleep peacefully. However, another doctor believed Zixue should not be taken in large amounts, so the family stopped it. Consequently, fever and pain returned severely. Upon reconsultation, Mr. Shi said, "The dosage was insufficient." He instructed using Zixue Dan 6g at once, three times daily. A total of 60g of Zixue Dan was used throughout, and the disease was cured. This shows that Mr. Shi was not only skilled in using large formulas but also effective with single herbs and small formulas, key being accurate syndrome differentiation and skillful herb usage, yielding immediate results.
Mr. Shi emphasized investigating the cause through symptom analysis. For instance, a young man suffered from lumbar hyperplasia with severe back pain and difficulty moving, unresponsive to repeated treatments. After consulting Mr. Shi, based on Four Diagnostic Methods, he diagnosed Kidney Deficiency. He instructed taking 30g of Gouqizi (Lycium Fruit) daily. After one month, back pain decreased significantly, and mobility improved. He advised continuing for another month to consolidate effects. Now in his fifties, this patient has not experienced back pain recurrence and praises Mr. Shi's brilliance.
He also treated a senator in the early Republic era who suffered from hematemesis (vomiting blood) and hematochezia (blood in stool), a critical condition where other doctors were helpless. Observing previous prescriptions focused solely on stopping bleeding with little effect, Mr. Shi pondered: TCM theory states that upper diseases can be treated by addressing the lower, and lower diseases by addressing the upper. Vomiting blood requires descending, while bloody stool requires ascending. With both upper and lower involvement, neither ascending nor descending is suitable. How to handle this? Mr. Shi believed that when both upper and lower are affected, one should target the middle. For tonifying the middle, Jilin wild ginseng is best. He instructed the family to urgently buy 60g of old mountain ginseng, simmer gently, and drink frequently without restriction. Within a day and night, bleeding stopped, and the patient regained consciousness, thanking Mr. Shi profusely. This demonstrates Mr. Shi's precise differentiation, unique ingenuity, deep understanding of herb properties, and divine application.
Mr. Shi possessed excellent medical ethics. Despite his fame, he was humble, sincere, and never disparaged peers. He focused on others' strengths and reflected on his own shortcomings. If he lacked experience with a specific disease, he recommended patients to specialists. He even accepted and utilized treatment experiences from his students.
Mr. Shi was open-minded. Before liberation, while riding a sedan chair in Chongqing, he noticed the carrier holding something in his mouth while climbing mountains without shortness of breath. Inquiry revealed it was Gejie Wei (Tail of Gejie insect). He later used it to treat asthma due to Kidney Deficiency with frequent success.
Mr. Shi had unique academic insights, dedicating his life to clinical practice. He believed TCM theory must combine with clinical practice; without practice, theory is empty talk. Ancient theories must be put into practice to be truly understood. Innovation requires breaking old frameworks from practice. Classics like *Neijing*, *Shanghan*, *Jingui*, *Bencao*, and *Wenbing*, along with works of past masters, though authoritative, must be deeply understood through clinical practice. Mr. Shi stated, "Never assemble symptoms to define a syndrome, nor rigidly adhere to established formulas to treat diseases."
Mr. Shi considered Qi and Blood as the material basis of the human body, crucial importance. Therefore, he proposed: Yin and Yang as the general outline, and Exterior, Interior, Deficiency, Excess, Cold, Heat, Qi, and Blood as the Eight Principles for syndrome differentiation. This was a new development in the Eight Principles theory of TCM basic theory.
Regarding exogenous febrile diseases, Mr. Shi believed: Internal heat accumulation makes one susceptible to external pathogens; without internal factors, external causes alone rarely harm the body. For exterior syndromes, one should not only induce sweating but also pay attention to clearing the interior. Both releasing the exterior and clearing the interior are necessary. Carefully weighing "release" and "clear," he established methods such as Seven Releases Three Clears (ratio of exterior-releasing to interior-clearing herbs 7:3), Three Releases Seven Clears, and Five Releases Five Clears. Used appropriately, they yield immediate results. Mr. Shi specialized in Spleen and Stomach diseases, proposing ten methods: Warming, Clearing, Tonifying, Reducing, Unblocking, Purging, Astringing, Descending, Harmonizing, and Generating. Meaning: Cold warrants warming, Heat warrants clearing, Deficiency warrants tonifying, Excess warrants reducing, Pain warrants unblocking, Fu-organ excess warrants purging, Intestinal looseness warrants astringing, Nausea/vomiting warrants descending, Epigastric discomfort warrants harmonizing, Fluid depletion warrants generating (for details, see *Clinical Experience Collection of Shi Jinmo*, People's Medical Publishing House).
Mr. Shi was relentless in innovation. Believing herbal decoctions were inconvenient and wasteful, he set up a pharmaceutical factory to extract medicines, reducing dosage and improving convenience. Though abandoned midway due to poor personnel management, his innovative spirit was evident. In the 1930s, before TCM hospitals existed, he founded a TCM hospital using Western diagnostic instruments and TCM syndrome differentiation. Though small-scale, this innovative spirit was admirable.
In education, Mr. Shi also advocated innovation, discarding sectarian views between Chinese and Western medicine. He vigorously promoted mutual learning. In 1932, he founded the North China College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with a curriculum primarily focused on TCM but including Western basic courses like anatomy and physiology. By liberation, he had trained over 500 TCM practitioners, many becoming backbone forces. This move pioneered the integration of Chinese and Western medicine in education.
Mr. Shi dedicated his life to the TCM cause. During the Kuomintang rule, there was an attempt to abolish TCM. Mr. Shi traveled north and south, united with peers, organized petitions in Nanjing, and voiced loud protests in newspapers, gaining public response and forcing the government to revoke the abolition proposal.
After liberation, Mr. Shi submitted memorials multiple times to protect TCM. Despite criticism and ridicule from some, he persistently supported the Party's policies and worked tirelessly for the integration of Chinese and Western medicine. He passed away in Beijing on August 22, 1969. On his deathbed, he instructed his children and son-in-law to compile his medical cases into a book, saying, "Though I am dead, my medical skills remain for future generations to serve the people." He also requested autopsy for medical research contribution.
On April 16, 1981, marking the centenary of his birth, his children, son-in-law, and students held a memorial meeting in Beijing to exchange Shi's academic experiences. Effective cases diagnosed after liberation were compiled into a book titled *Clinical Experience Collection of Shi Jinmo*, published by People's Medical Publishing House as a tribute.
Knowledge and Teachings Obtained from Teacher Shi Jinmo
By Zhu Shimo
Teacher Shi Jinmo had profound medical knowledge, rich experience, integrated Chinese and Western medicine, innovated, and warmly nurtured talent, contributing significantly to the inheritance and promotion of TCM. Although I benefited from his earnest guidance and attended clinics for years, limited by my aptitude and effort, I recognize only the basics and dare not claim to have mastered the art or call myself a direct disciple.
When I began attending clinics with Teacher Shi, he promptly pointed out: Classic works are the foundation of TCM and mandatory study. Internal medicine covers gynecology and pediatrics. Thus, historically, experts in internal medicine were also skilled in these fields. Zhang Zhongjing is the ancestor of internal medicine experts; in *Jingui Yaolue*, there are chapters on women's diseases. Sun Simiao wrote *Qianjin Yaofang* in sixty volumes, later adding *Qianjin Yifang*, covering all specialties, especially gynecology. Qin Yue (Bian Que) was a pediatrician in Qin, an ear-eye doctor in Luoyang, and a gynecologist in Zhao, showing the breadth of internal medicine as the master of all specialties. Teacher Shi criticized those who avoided hard work and sought shortcuts. For example, in gynecology, if one only clung to Fu Qingzhu's books and rigidly used formulas like Shenghua Tang or Siwu Tang for all women's diseases, it would be exploiting Fu's fame to inflate one's status and deceive the world, unworthy of imitation, and not my disciple.
This shows Teacher Shi's strict requirements for disciples. His teachings on scholarship were: Persevere firmly; read widely and specialize deeply; absorb strengths from all sides without bias. Regarding pulse and syndrome differentiation, he demanded practicality, truth-seeking, correct differentiation, targeted treatment, precision, emphasis on key points, holistic consideration, and comprehensive evaluation. Valuing both virtue and talent, he advocated broad networking with teachers and friends for mutual improvement and sincerity. (Note by Shimo: An ancient sage said, 'Many teachers make a good teacher, good friends act as guardians.' During the Anti-Japanese War, after Wuhan fell, Shimo moved to Shanghai. Lacking understanding of classics like *Shanghan Lun*, he often consulted Mr. Lu Yuanlei. Though treated as a friend, Shimo revered him as a teacher. Shimo deeply admired the Menghe Fei school. Reading *Ding Ganren Yi'an* by Ding, initially seeming ordinary, upon deep reading, proved extraordinary. Thus, he read it diligently every dawn, viewing it as teaching from a good teacher, achieving clinic observation effects. He composed a motto: Personally taught by Shi Jinmo, privately admiring Ding Ganren.)
Teacher Shi often warned disciples: Avoid subjectivity, rigidity, mysticism, superficiality, conservatism, and empty talk. Thus, he opposed worshipping the past and rejecting modernity, as well as irrational novelty. He solemnly pointed out: Diseases are dynamic, complex, and variable, with interconnected mechanisms and contradictions. Even top experts struggle to fully grasp their mysteries. Therefore, in diagnosis and treatment, one must observe comprehensively, explore painstakingly, apply flexibly, and control meticulously. Select herbs and formulas accurately for the disease. Do not judge a formula by one herb, nor a disease by one formula. Do not let personal preference lead to error, nor sectarian bias cause mistakes. Those who hate studying and seek convenience, using only a few formulas for all diseases, are not my disciples.