论曰伤寒病汗之而愈者。以初得病一日至三日，阳经受邪，未传诸阴，其邪在表，故当
发汗，此大约也。然病数日，脉浮太阳证不罢者，亦可汗之，当以脉证为准，凡头痛发热。
恶风振寒，是为可汗之证，其脉浮者，是为可汗之脉，阳虚则恶寒。脉浮为在表，或浮而弱，
或
治伤寒太阳病头痛发热，身疼腰痛，骨节疼痛，恶风无汗而喘者。麻黄汤方
麻黄（去根节三两） 桂（去粗皮三两） 甘草（炙锉一两） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁七十
枚）
上四味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半。煎至八分，去滓温服，覆取微汗，不
须啜粥，余如桂枝法将息。
治伤寒太阳中风脉紧，发热恶寒，身痛不汗出而烦躁者，大青龙汤方
麻黄（去根节六两） 桂（去粗皮） 甘草（炙锉各二两） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁四十枚）
生姜
（三
上七味。 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分。去滓温服，脉微汗出恶风
者。不可服。
治伤寒太阳病，得之八九日如疟状，发热恶寒，热多寒少，其人不呕清便。一日二三度
发，脉微缓者，为欲愈也，脉微而恶寒者，此阴阳俱虚，不可更发汗更下更吐也。面色反有
热色者，未欲解也，以其不能得小汗出，身必痒，宜桂枝麻黄各半汤方
桂枝（去粗皮一两半） 芍药 生姜（切） 甘草（炙） 麻黄（去根节各一两） 大
枣（四枚）
杏仁（二十四枚汤浸去皮尖双仁）
上七味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓温服。
治伤寒太阳病，外证未解。脉浮弱者，当以汗解，宜桂枝汤方
桂枝（去粗皮） 芍药 生姜（各三两） 甘草（炙二两） 大枣（十二枚）
上五味， 咀如麻豆大。每服五钱匕，水一盏半。煎至八分，去滓温服，须臾啜热稀粥。
助
治伤寒少阴病。得之二三日，宜微发汗，以二三日无里证，故微发汗也。麻黄附子甘草
汤方
麻黄（去根节） 甘草（炙各二两） 附子（一枚炮裂去皮脐）
上三味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半。煎至八分，去滓温服。
治伤寒初觉一二日头项腰脊痛，恶寒，葱豉汤方
葱白（十四茎） 豉（半合炒） 干姜（炮一分） 麻黄（去根节） 桂（去粗皮） 芍
药（各半
两）
上六味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水二盏，煎至一盏，去滓温服，良久投葱豉热粥。
盖覆出汗。
治伤寒服葱豉汤后，未得汗，再服葱粥方
葱白（一十茎并头切） 豉（三合炒） 生姜（半两拍碎）
上三味，用水五盏，煎至二盏半，去滓入白米，根据常法煮粥，入少盐搅匀，任意食之。
衣覆出汗，未汗再服。
治伤寒初得一二日，出汗。麻黄葛根汤方
麻黄（去根节一两半） 葛根锉 柴胡（去苗各一两） 芍药（三分）
上四味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，豉一百粒，开口椒一七粒，连须葱白三寸，
薄荷二十叶，同煎至八分，去滓热服，服后葱豉汤一盏投之，衣覆取汗，汗未快再服。
治伤寒初觉烦热头疼脚痛。解毒汤方
柴胡（去苗半两） 黄芩（去黑心） 荆芥穗（各一分）
上三味，锉如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，生姜一枣大拍碎。煎至八分去滓，入生
地黄汁一合，白蜜半匙，更煎三五沸热服。
治伤寒初觉头痛恶寒壮热，腹内热，脉洪大，一二日。宜葛根汤方
葛根（锉） 黄芩（去黑心） 柴胡（去苗各半两） 葱白（五茎） 豉（一合炒）
上五味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水二盏，生姜一枣大拍碎，煎至一盏，去滓温服。
良
治伤寒初患一二日体热头痛。麻黄解肌汤方
麻黄（去根节一两） 石膏（碎） 葛根（锉各一两半） 甘草（炙一分半） 芍药 杏
仁（汤
浸去皮尖双仁炒各半两） 桂（去粗皮三分）
上七味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，生姜五片，煎至八分，去滓温服。
治伤寒一二日头疼壮热，遍身疼痛，其脉洪数，葛根汤方
葛根（锉） 白术 芍药 干姜（炮各半两） 麻黄（去根节） 桂（去粗皮各三分） 甘
草
（炙一分半）
上七味。粗捣筛。每服五钱匕。水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓热服，如脉微即加附子半两。
治伤寒三日发汗。神丹丸方
人参 白茯苓（去黑皮） 半夏（汤洗七遍炒各一两一分） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 乌
头（炮
裂去皮脐各一两）
上五味。捣罗为末，入丹砂一分，研匀炼蜜，和捣三五百杵，丸如大豆大，每服三丸。
薄荷茶下，令体中 然，又以热粥投之，汗出即止。
治伤寒初得一二日。头痛壮热恶寒脉浮紧者。石膏人参解肌汤方
石膏（碎） 麻黄（去根节各一两） 柴胡（去苗） 人参（各半两） 桂（去粗皮） 甘
草（炙
各一分） 葛根锉二两
上七味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入葱豉生姜，煎至七分，去滓热服不拘时。
治伤寒三日以前表证不除。柴胡汤方
柴胡（去苗） 麻黄（去根节） 石膏（各一两） 甘草（半两炙）
上四味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入盐豉三十粒，葱白二寸，煎至六分，去滓并
三服。汗出为度。
治伤寒初病三日内，脉浮有表证。芎 汤方
芎 （四两） 苍术（一斤半锉麸炒熟木臼内杵去黑皮取净者一斤） 本（去苗土一
两）
甘草（二两炙）
上四味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，生姜五片，煎至六分，去滓稍热并三服。
治伤寒初得一二日至三日，头痛痰逆，肢体烦躁，恶风身热憎寒。荆芥汤方
荆芥穗（四两） 前胡（去芦头） 旋复花（各三两） 甘草（炙二两） 白术 半夏
（汤洗七
遍焙干） 麻黄（去根不去节） 芍药（各一两）
上八味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，生姜三片，枣三枚劈破，煎至七分，去滓热服
不拘时。
治伤寒二三日头痛体疼，发表，五味桂枝汤方
桂（去粗皮） 葛根（锉各一两） 麻黄（去根节一两半） 山栀子仁（半两） 石膏
（一分）
上五味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，葱白一茎切，豉三十粒，煎至七分。去滓热服，
良
治伤寒三日内，表证不解者。五解汤方
麻黄（去根节二两） 白术（一两半） 葛根（锉） 甘草（炙锉） 山栀子仁 桔梗
（炒） 石
膏（碎） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸
上八味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入葱白盐豉，同煎至七分，去滓连并热服，不
拘时，汗出为度。
治伤寒三日头疼壮热，骨节酸疼。白术汤方
白术 五味子 甘草 石膏（各四两） 干姜（三两）
上五味，并生粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，盐一捻，煎至八分去滓。连并热服，不问
有汗无汗自解。如伤寒挟冷腹痛，加生姜三片，枣二枚同煎。
治伤寒头痛发热恶寒，解表。六味桂枝汤方
桂（去粗皮） 麻黄（去根节） 石膏 干姜（炮） 白术（生用） 苍术（米泔浸麸
炒各一两）
上六味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，生姜三片，葱白二寸，豉七粒，同煎至八分，
去滓热服，不拘时。
治伤寒一日至三日。头痛壮热烦闷。其脉洪数。人参汤方
人参（一两） 白术 甘草（炙各半两） 麻黄（去根节） 桂（去粗皮各三两）
上五味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，生姜三片，煎至七分，去滓连并温服，不拘时，
衣
治伤寒头痛体疼，寒热不解。十味人参汤方
人参 浓朴（去粗皮生姜汁炙） 桂（去粗皮） 甘草（炙锉） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双
仁炒）
白术 干姜（炮）白茯苓（去黑皮） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙各一两） 麻黄（去根节汤煮掠
去沫二
两）
上一十味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入生姜二片，枣一枚劈破，煎至七分。去滓
热服，才觉伤风，并三两服，汗出立瘥。
治伤寒表不解，头痛体疼发汗。羌活汤方
羌活（去芦头） 独活（去芦头） 柴胡（去苗） 前胡（去芦头） 人参 白茯苓（去
黑皮）
桔梗（炒） 芎 甘草（炙各一两） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒二两）
上一十味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，生姜二片，薄荷少许。同煎至六分，去滓温
服，不拘时候。
治伤寒二三日，头痛肌热，烦躁不解，四肢倦痛，可汗。香术汤方
苍术（米泔浸一宿切焙二两） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 防风 麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去
沫焙
干） 当归（切焙） 桂（去粗皮） 甘草（炙各一两） 白茯苓（去黑皮） 吴茱萸（洗
焙干炒） 人参
浓朴
上一十二味，除桂外，锉碎慢火炒黄，入桂同粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏。入葱白一
寸，生姜二片，同煎至六分，去滓温服，不拘时候。
治伤寒一日至三日以前，身热脉大，肢体疼痛，汗不出。葱豉汤方
苍术（米泔浸去皮锉麸炒黄） 麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去沫焙各二两） 甘草（炙锉） 桂
（去
粗皮各一两）
上四味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入葱白三寸，盐豉二十粒，同煎至七分。去滓
热服，不拘时候。
治伤寒表不解取汗。前胡汤方
前胡（去芦头） 柴胡（去苗） 羌活（去芦头） 芎 人参 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 甘
草（炙
锉） 芍药（各半两） 麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去沫焙一两）
上九味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入葱白三寸，煎至七分。去滓热服，如耍发汗，
更
若伤寒后余毒未解，潮热往来，数服即解。
治伤寒表未解，气脉闭塞，津液不通，水饮气停在胸腑。结而成痰，膈脘痞闷，倚息短
气，体重多唾，头目旋晕。嗜卧好眠，额角偏，痛腠理开疏，体常汗出，消饮。茯苓汤方
白茯苓（去黑皮） 前胡（去苗） 芎 羌活（去芦头） 桔梗（炒） 人参 独活
（去芦头）
甘草（炙） 柴胡（去苗各半斤） 陈橘皮（去白四两）
上一十味，同捣罗为散，每服三钱，沸汤点服，不计时候。或锉如麻豆，用前件药半两，
水三盏，煎至一盏半，去滓分温二服。
治伤寒头痛恶寒发热，肢体疼倦。前胡汤方
前胡（去芦头） 羌活（去芦头各六两） 防风（去叉四两） 桔梗（炒三两） 荠
（去芦头
二两锉） 蛇蜕皮（一两剪碎炒令黄） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙干秤半两） 蝉壳（净去土一
两）
甘草（炙锉一两半） 人参（二两）
上一十味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入生姜三片，薄荷七叶，煎至七分，去滓温
服。
治四时伤寒初觉，桂心汤方
桂（去粗皮） 芍药 甘草（炙锉） 葛根（锉各等分）
上四味。粗捣筛，每服四钱匕，水一盏半，生姜三片，枣一枚劈，同煎至八分，去滓温
服。
Discussion states: In cases of Shanghan (Cold Damage) disease where sweating leads to recovery, it is because the illness has just begun for one to three days, with pathogenic factors affecting the Yang meridians but not yet transmitting to the Yin meridians. Since the pathogen is at the exterior, diaphoresis (sweating method) should be employed; this is the general principle. However, if after several days of illness, the pulse remains floating and the Taiyang syndrome (syndrome of the Bladder and Small Intestine meridians) has not subsided, diaphoresis may also be used. Treatment should be based on the pulse and symptoms. Headache, fever, aversion to wind, and chills are indications suitable for diaphoresis; a floating pulse indicates the disease is at the exterior. Whether the pulse is floating and weak or otherwise,
For treating Taiyang disease in Shanghan, presenting with headache, fever, body ache, lower back pain, joint pain, aversion to wind, anhidrosis (absence of sweating), and wheezing, use Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction):
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 3 liang) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark, 3 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and crushed, 1 liang) Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, remove skin and tips, double-kernel, 70 pieces)
Crush the above four ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take warm. Cover with blankets to induce slight sweating. Drinking hot porridge is not required. Rest other than as per Guizhi Tang protocol.
For treating Taiyang Wind-strike in Shanghan, presenting with a tight pulse, fever, aversion to cold, body pain, anhidrosis, and restlessness, use Da Qinglong Tang (Major Blue Green Dragon Decoction):
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 6 liang) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and crushed, 2 liang each) Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, remove skin and tips, double-kernel, 40 pieces) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 3 slices)
Crush the above seven ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take warm. Do not administer if the pulse is faint, sweating is present, or there is aversion to wind.
For treating Taiyang disease in Shanghan, occurring after eight or nine days, resembling malaria, with fever and aversion to cold, more heat than cold, no vomiting, normal urination and defecation, occurring two or three times a day, and a slightly slow pulse indicating impending recovery; if the pulse is faint with aversion to cold, this indicates deficiency of both Yin and Yang, and diaphoresis, purgation, or emesis should not be used. If the face shows a red hue due to retained heat, the condition is not resolving because slight sweating cannot be achieved, leading to itching; use Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Guizhi and Mahuang Half-Dose Decoction):
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark, 1.5 liang) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, sliced) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 1 liang each) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 4 pieces) Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 24 pieces, soaked in hot water, remove skin and tips, double-kernel)
Crush the above seven ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take warm.
For treating Taiyang disease in Shanghan where exterior signs persist and the pulse is floating and weak, resolve via diaphoresis using Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction):
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 3 liang each) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 liang) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 12 pieces)
Crush the above five ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take warm. Drink hot thin porridge shortly after to assist the therapeutic effect.
For treating Shaoyin disease in Shanghan occurring within two or three days, mild diaphoresis is appropriate since there are no interior signs. Use Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction):
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 liang each) Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, one piece, processed, cracked, skin and navel removed)
Crush the above three ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take warm.
For treating early-stage Shanghan (one to two days) with headache, neck stiffness, lower back and spine pain, and aversion to cold, use Congchi Tang (Scallion and Fermented Soybean Decoction):
Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus, 14 stems) Chichi (Sojae Semen Preparatum, half he, stir-fried) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed, 1 fen) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 0.5 liang each)
Crush the above six ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 2 sheng of water until reduced to 1 sheng, strain, and take warm. After some time, drink hot Congchi porridge and cover to induce sweating.
If sweating does not occur after taking Congchi Tang, take Congzhou Fang (Scallion Porridge Formula):
Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus, 10 stems, cut including roots) Chichi (Sojae Semen Preparatum, 3 he, stir-fried) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 0.5 liang, smashed)
Decoct the above three ingredients in 5 sheng of water until reduced to 2.5 sheng, strain, add white rice, and cook into porridge according to usual methods. Add a little salt, mix well, and eat freely. Cover to induce sweating; if no sweat, take again.
For early-stage Shanghan (one to two days) with sweating, use Mahuang Gegen Tang (Ephedra and Pueraria Decoction):
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 1.5 liang) Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings, 1 liang each) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 3 fen)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above four ingredients. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water, plus 100 grains of Chichi, 17 grains of Kaikoujiao (open-mouth pepper), 3 cun of Lianxucongbai (scallion white with roots), and 20 leaves of Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba). Decoct until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take hot. Follow with 1 sheng of Congchi Tang, cover to induce sweating; if sweating is insufficient, take again.
For early-stage Shanghan with irritability, heat, headache, and foot pain, use Jiedu Tang (Detoxification Decoction):
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings, 0.5 liang) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, remove black heart) Jingjie Sui (Schizonepetae Spica, 1 fen each)
Crush the above three ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water and a piece of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) the size of a date, smashed, until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain, add 1 he of Shengdihuang Zhi (Rehmanniae Radix Fresh Juice) and half spoon of Baimi (White Honey), boil for three to five boils, and take hot.
For early-stage Shanghan with headache, aversion to cold, high fever, internal heat, and a surging-large pulse within one to two days, use Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction):
Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, remove black heart) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings, 0.5 liang each) Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus, 5 stems) Chichi (Sojae Semen Preparatum, 1 he, stir-fried)
Crush the above five ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 2 sheng of water and a piece of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) the size of a date, smashed, until reduced to 1 sheng, strain, and take warm.
For early-stage Shanghan (one to two days) with body heat and headache, use Mahuang Jiemi Tang (Ephedra Muscle-Relieving Decoction):
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 1 liang) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, crushed) Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed, 1.5 liang each) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1.5 fen) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, soaked in hot water, remove skin and tips, double-kernel, stir-fried, 0.5 liang each) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark, 3 fen)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above seven ingredients. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water and 5 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take warm.
For Shanghan (one to two days) with severe headache, high fever, generalized body pain, and a surging-rapid pulse, use Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction):
Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed, 0.5 liang each) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark, 3 fen each) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1.5 fen)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above seven ingredients. Take 5 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take hot. If the pulse is faint, add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) 0.5 liang.
For inducing sweating on the third day of Shanghan, use Shendan Wan (Divine Cinnabar Pill):
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Baifuling (Poria, remove black skin) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed in hot water seven times, stir-fried, 1.1 liang each) Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, processed, cracked, skin and navel removed) Wutou (Aconiti Radix, processed, cracked, skin and navel removed, 1 liang each)
Grind the above five ingredients into powder, add 1 fen of Dansha (Cinnabar), mix evenly, refine honey, combine, and pound 300-500 times. Form pills the size of soybeans. Take 3 pills per dose, washed down with Bohe tea (Mint Tea), to make the body warm, followed by hot porridge. Stop when sweating occurs.
For early-stage Shanghan (one to two days) with headache, high fever, aversion to cold, and a floating-tight pulse, use Shigao Renshen Jiemi Tang (Gypsum and Ginseng Muscle-Relieving Decoction):
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, crushed) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 1 liang each) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang each) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1 fen each) Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed, 2 liang)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above seven ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, plus Congchi (Scallion and Fermented Soybean) and Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), until reduced to 0.7 sheng, strain, and take hot at any time.
For exterior signs persisting before the third day of Shanghan, use Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction):
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang each) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang, honey-fried)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above four ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, plus 30 grains of Yanchi (Salted Fermented Soybean) and 2 cun of Congbai (Scallion White), until reduced to 0.6 sheng. Strain and divide into three doses. Stop when sweating occurs.
For Shanghan within the first three days, with a floating pulse and exterior signs, use Xiong Tang (Ligusticum Decoction):
Xionglu (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 4 liang) Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 1.5 liang, crushed, bran-fried ripe, pounded in wooden mortar, remove black skin, take pure 1 liang) Gaoben (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma et Radix, remove seedlings and soil, 1 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang, honey-fried)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above four ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water and 5 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) until reduced to 0.6 sheng. Strain, take slightly warm, and divide into three doses.
For Shanghan from one to three days, with headache, phlegm reversal, limb restlessness, aversion to wind, body heat, and aversion to cold, use Jingjie Tang (Schizonepeta Decoction):
Jingjie Sui (Schizonepetae Spica, 4 liang) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove rhizome head) Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, 3 liang each) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 liang) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed in hot water seven times, baked dry) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots but keep nodes) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 1 liang each)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above eight ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 3 dates split open, until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take hot at any time.
For Shanghan (two to three days) with headache and body pain, to release the exterior, use Wuwei Guizhi Tang (Five-Ingredient Cinnamon Twig Decoction):
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed, 1 liang each) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 1.5 liang) Shanzhizi Ren (Gardeniae Fructus Seed, 0.5 liang) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 fen)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above five ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 1 cut stem of Congbai (Scallion White), and 30 grains of Chichi (Fermented Soybean), until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take hot; effective.
For Shanghan within three days where exterior signs do not resolve, use Wujiexie Tang (Five-Resolving Decoction):
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 2 liang) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1.5 liang) Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and crushed) Shanzhizi Ren (Gardeniae Fructus Seed) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fried) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, crushed) Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, soaked in hot water, remove skin and tips, double-kernel, bran-fried)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above eight ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, plus Congbai (Scallion White) and Yanchi (Salted Fermented Soybean), until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain, take hot together at any time. Stop when sweating occurs.
For Shanghan after three days with headache, high fever, and sore joints, use Baizhu Tang (Atractylodes Decoction):
Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 4 liang each) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 3 liang)
Coarsely crush the above five raw ingredients and sieve. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water and a pinch of salt, until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain, take hot together. It resolves regardless of sweating or not. For Shanghan complicated by cold abdominal pain, add 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and 2 dates to decoct together.
For Shanghan with headache, fever, and aversion to cold, to release the exterior, use Liuwei Guizhi Tang (Six-Ingredient Cinnamon Twig Decoction):
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, raw) Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, soaked in rice wash, bran-fried, 1 liang each)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above six ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), 2 cun of Congbai (Scallion White), and 7 grains of Chichi (Fermented Soybean), until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain and take hot at any time.
For Shanghan (one to three days) with headache, high fever, and irritability, with a surging-rapid pulse, use Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction):
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 0.5 liang each) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark, 3 liang each)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above five ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water and 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain, take warm together at any time, and cover.
For Shanghan with headache and body pain, unresolved alternating chills and fever, use Shiwei Renshen Tang (Ten-Ingredient Ginseng Decoction):
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, remove rough bark, ginger-juice fried) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and crushed) Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, soaked in hot water, remove skin and tips, double-kernel, stir-fried) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed) Baifuling (Poria, remove black skin) Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in hot water, remove white pith, baked dry, 1 liang each) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, boiled in hot water to remove foam, 2 liang)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above ten ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 2 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 1 split date, until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take hot. At the first sign of Wind-Cold, take two or three doses; sweating will lead to immediate recovery.
For Shanghan where exterior signs do not resolve, with headache, body pain, requiring diaphoresis, use Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygium Decoction):
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, remove rhizome head) Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, remove rhizome head) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove rhizome head) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Baifuling (Poria, remove black skin) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fried) Xionglu (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1 liang each) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, remove pulp, bran-fried, 2 liang)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above ten ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 2 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and a little Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), until reduced to 0.6 sheng. Strain and take warm at any time.
For Shanghan (two to three days) with headache, muscle heat, unresolved restlessness, limb fatigue and pain, suitable for diaphoresis, use Xiangshu Tang (Aromatic Atractylodes Decoction):
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, soaked in rice wash overnight, cut, baked dry, 2 liang) Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in hot water, remove white pith, baked dry) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, boiled in hot water to remove foam, baked dry) Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, cut, baked dry) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1 liang each) Baifuling (Poria, remove black skin) Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, washed, baked dry, stir-fried) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, remove rough bark, ginger-juice fried)
Except for Guizhi, coarsely crush the remaining eleven ingredients and stir-fry slowly over low heat until yellow. Add Guizhi, coarsely crush and sieve. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 1 cun of Congbai (Scallion White), and 2 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), until reduced to 0.6 sheng. Strain and take warm at any time.
For Shanghan (one to three days prior) with body heat, large pulse, limb pain, and anhidrosis, use Congchi Tang (Scallion and Fermented Soybean Decoction):
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, soaked in rice wash, remove skin, crushed, bran-fried yellow) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, boiled in hot water to remove foam, baked dry, 2 liang each) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and crushed) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark, 1 liang each)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above four ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 3 cun of Congbai (Scallion White), and 20 grains of Yanchi (Salted Fermented Soybean), until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take hot at any time.
To induce sweating for unresolved exterior signs in Shanghan, use Qianhu Tang (Peucedanum Decoction):
Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove rhizome head) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings) Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, remove rhizome head) Xionglu (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, remove pulp, bran-fried) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and crushed) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 0.5 liang each) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, boiled in hot water to remove foam, baked dry, 1 liang)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above nine ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 3 cun of Congbai (Scallion White), until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take hot. To induce sweating, take again.
If residual toxins remain after Shanghan, with tidal fever and alternating chills/fever, a few doses will resolve it.
For Shanghan where exterior signs do not resolve, qi and pulse are blocked, fluids do not circulate, fluid retention and qi stagnation in the chest and epigastrium, condensing into phlegm, causing chest and epigastric fullness, shortness of breath leaning forward, heavy body, excessive saliva, dizziness of head and eyes, lethargy, unilateral forehead pain, open pores, constant sweating, and thirst, use Fuling Tang (Poria Decoction):
Baifuling (Poria, remove black skin) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove seedlings) Xionglu (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, remove rhizome head) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fried) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, remove rhizome head) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings, 0.5 jin each) Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, remove white pith, 4 liang)
Grind the above ten ingredients into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, mix with boiling water, at any time. Alternatively, crush to hemp seed size, take 0.5 liang of the above herbs, decoct with 3 sheng of water until reduced to 1.5 sheng, strain, and divide into two warm doses.
For Shanghan with headache, aversion to cold, fever, and limb pain/fatigue, use Qianhu Tang (Peucedanum Decoction):
Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove rhizome head) Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, remove rhizome head, 6 liang each) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, remove forked root, 4 liang) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fried, 3 liang) Qini (Adenophorae Radix, remove rhizome head, 2 liang, crushed) Shutuipi (Ophiopogonis Skin, 1 liang, cut, stir-fried until yellow) Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in hot water, remove white pith, baked dry, 0.5 liang) Chanqiao (Cicadae Periostracum, clean, remove soil, 1 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and crushed, 1.5 liang) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above ten ingredients. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 7 leaves of Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take warm.
For early-stage Shanghan in all seasons, use Guixin Tang (Cinnamon Heart Decoction):
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and crushed) Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed, equal parts)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above four ingredients. Take 4 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 1 split date, until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain and take warm.