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[Litsea cubeba fruit] Mainly treats warm diseases, high fever and irritability with mania caused by cold damage (Shanghan), kills three types of parasites and scabies/ulcers, and promotes urination through the water passages. Root: slightly cold in nature. Treats roundworms and promotes bowel movement. *Xing Lun* states: It treats excessive heat in the human body, mania, loss of mental control, restlessness and oppression. Ri Huazi states: It treats wandering wind, heat-toxin wind rashes, malignant sores and scabies, and childhood heat syndromes. *Jingyan Fang* states: It treats dysentery with blood from internal organs, injury to the qi of the original organ in men, and qi stagnation involving the bladder connecting to the small intestine. *Tang Bencao* annotation notes: There are two types; those with red roots and no fruit are toxic, causing vomiting and diarrhea upon ingestion, and can be fatal. The female type has white roots and bears fruit, with slight toxicity. One should select the female type for use. Habitat: Jingshan.

[Polyporus umbellatus / Leiwan] Taste is bitter and salty, nature is cold or slightly cold, with slight toxicity. It mainly kills three types of parasites, expels toxic vapors, clears stomach heat, benefits men but not women. Made into powder for external application, it eliminates a hundred ailments in children, expels pathogenic qi, treats sweating due to aversion to wind, clears heat in the skin, resolves accumulations, relieves gu poison, and stops the continuous spontaneous passage of white worms (Taenia saginata). Long-term consumption leads to flaccidity; the red variety is lethal. *Yao Xing Lun* states: It serves as the sovereign herb. Taste is bitter, with slight toxicity. It can expel wind. Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua) serves as the assistant herb; it treats epilepsy with manic running and kills roundworms. Current annotations state: It regulates the primordial qi of men, but does not regulate the visceral qi of women. Litsea cubeba fruit and Magnolia officinalis bark (Houpo) serve as assistant herbs. Incompatibilities: Puerariae Radix (Gegen) and Polygonum aviculare root (Qubai). Habitat: Shicheng and Hanzhong.

[Sappanwood / Sufangmu] Taste is sweet and salty, nature is neutral, non-toxic. It mainly invigorates blood circulation and resolves stasis, treating postpartum abdominal distension and oppression that feels like impending death. Chen Cangqi states: Nature is cold. It treats cholera with vomiting and regurgitation, as well as general vomiting; decoct with water for administration. For invigorating blood, decocting with wine is superior. Ri Huazi states: It treats blood-qi pain in the heart and abdomen in women, irregular menstruation, postpartum consumptive disease, alleviates pain, reduces carbuncles and swellings, resolves traumatic blood stasis, treats aphonia in women, blood obstruction, bloody and non-bloody dysentery, and tenesmus in the lower orifice. *Haiyao Bencao* states: It treats deficiency consumption, blood masses, qi stagnation, unstable lochia after childbirth, fearfulness rising to attack the heart, abdominal twisting pain, and blockage of meridians and collaterals; it also treats stroke with locked jaw and inability to speak in both men and women. It is advisable to finely grind乳香 (Olibanum/Ru Xiang) into powder, take one fangcun bi (a measure approx. 2.7g), decoct Sappanwood in wine, strain, and mix with the powder for oral administration. This will immediately induce vomiting of foul matter and lead to recovery. Habitat: South Sea.