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Bai Lian (Radix Ampelopsis): Bitter and sweet, neutral to slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats carbuncles, sores, and ulcers; disperses stagnant Qi; relieves pain; clears heat; treats redness of the eyes; pediatric convulsions and epilepsy; malaria; blood pathogenic factors; back carbuncles; scrofula; intestinal wind; hemorrhoids; knife and arrow wounds; traumatic injuries; warm-heat malaria; bloody dysentery; scalds and burns; promotes tissue regeneration and relieves pain. Guided by Dai Zhe Shi (Hematitum). Incompatible with: Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix).

Bai Ji (Rhizoma Bletillae): Bitter and sweet, cold to very cold, toxic. Primarily treats abdominal hernias and masses, abdominal fullness, edema of the face and eyes; retained fluid and undigested food; breaks up hard accumulations; promotes urination and defecation; eliminates five types of water retention; dissipates residual heat in the bladder; treats epigastric stuffiness and heat-induced swelling and fullness. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Bitter. Can drain twelve types of water diseases, treats hardness and fullness of the heart and abdomen, promotes water passage, removes phlegm-fluid, and primarily treats skin and muscle edema. Ri Hua Zi states: Those from Jingxi are superior. Guided by Gua Di (Cucumeris Fructus). Averse to: Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix). Incompatible with: Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).

Bai Qian (Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii): Bitter and pungent, cold to slightly cold, toxic. Primarily treats chills and fever due to cold damage, warm malaria with heat onset, phlegm accumulation in the chest caused by "ghost toxins", vomiting and regurgitation; treats "ghost gu" disease (diseases with unpredictable symptoms) characterized by alternating sensations and excessive appetite leading to emaciation; induces severe vomiting; treats tumors and goiters on the neck. Xiao Bing states: When combined with Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), it treats malaria. Ri Hua Zi states: Avoid Song Cai (Brassica pekinensis). Feared: Yu Zha (Realgar).

Jue Ming Zi (Semen Cassiae): Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats pathogenic factors, heat in the skin, wind-induced pruritus; kills three types of parasites; treats malignant sores, scabies, lice, hemorrhoids, and erosive ulcers in the lower body. The seed is named Cao Jue Ming. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Treats liver heat-toxemia rushing to the eyes, red cataracts, blindness, nebulae and swelling; primarily treats malignant sores, scabies, and parasitic erosive ulcers in the lower body. Ri Hua Zi states: Treats pathogenic factors of the five zang organs, benefits brain marrow, clarifies vision and hearing, calms the liver, strengthens sinews and bones, and expels wind-cold-damp bi syndrome. The herb (seedling/leaf) stops bleeding from metal wounds. Grows everywhere. Resembles flowers on wheat stubble; its seeds are very fine.

Bai Ji (Rhizoma Bletillae - Note: Text attributes these properties to Bai Ji, though historically some overlap exists with other herbs, translating strictly per text): Pungent and bitter, neutral. Slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats carbuncles, malignant sores, and necrotic ulcers; injuries to yin and dead tissue; pathogenic factors in the stomach; thief wind and ghost attacks; flaccid paralysis with inability to move limbs; removes white tinea and scabies mites. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Acts as a guiding herb. Treats unresolved heat accumulation; primarily treats genital atrophy; treats facial ulcers. Ri Hua Zi states: Calms fright and pathogenic factors, blood pathogenic factors, epilepsy, red eyes, masses, back carbuncles, scrofula, intestinal wind, hemorrhoids, knife and arrow wounds, traumatic injuries, warm-heat malaria, and bloody dysentery. Guided by Zi Shi Ying (Halloysit Rubrum). Averse to: Li Shi (Talcum). Feared: Li He (Prunus salicina nucleus), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum).