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In human disease, there are accumulations (Ji), masses (Ju), and grain qi (Guqi). "Accumulation" refers to a disease of the Zang organs, which remains fixed in location. "Mass" refers to a disease of the Fu organs, which occurs at specific times, with pain that migrates and shifts, and is treatable. "Grain qi" manifests as pulling pain under the hypochondrium, which alleviates upon pressure but recurs after relief; if the disease does not recur after healing, its recurrence is termed "grain qi."

The general principles for diagnosing various accumulations: A pulse that is fine and soft, palpable only when pressed deeply to the bone, indicates an accumulation. A knotted pulse at the Cun position indicates accumulation in the chest. A pulse slightly protruding above the Cun position indicates accumulation in the throat. A knotted pulse at the Guan position indicates accumulation beside the umbilicus. A pulse slightly below the Guan position indicates accumulation in the lower abdomen. A knotted pulse at the Chi position indicates accumulation at the Qichong acupoint. A pulse appearing above the Guan position indicates accumulation in the epigastrium. A pulse manifesting on the left side indicates accumulation on the left side of the body; a pulse manifesting on the right side indicates accumulation on the right side. A pulse appearing on both sides indicates accumulation in the center; the location should be determined according to the pulse's position. A deep and transverse pulse at the Cun position indicates horizontal accumulation and pain in the hypochondrium and abdomen. A wiry pulse with acute abdominal pain, radiating back and waist pain, indicates cold hernia and mass in the abdomen. A wiry, tight, and fine pulse indicates cold bi-syndrome (Cold Bi). The pulse characteristics of cold bi, mass, and accumulation all present as wiry and tight. If the accumulation is in the epigastrium, the Cun pulse is wiry and tight; if in the stomach region, the Guan pulse is wiry and tight; if below the umbilicus, the Chi pulse is wiry and tight. Another view states: a long and wiry Guan pulse indicates accumulation around the umbilicus. Another pulse method: a transverse pulse on the left hand indicates accumulation on the left; a transverse pulse on the right hand indicates accumulation on the right. A pulse head large above and small below... Another method: a transverse pulse seen on the left indicates accumulation on the right; seen on the right, it indicates accumulation on the left. A pulse that is predominantly surging, solid, and slippery also indicates accumulation. A wiry and tight pulse also indicates accumulation, cold bi, or hernia pain. Internal accumulation without corresponding pulse signs is difficult to treat; finding one corresponding pulse sign makes it easier to treat. If all pulse signs do not correspond, treatment is inappropriate. A large pulse on the left hand and small on the right indicates upper pathology in the left hypochondrium and lower pathology in the left foot. A large pulse on the right hand and small on the left indicates upper pathology in the right hypochondrium and lower pathology in the right foot. A wiry and hidden pulse indicates an immobile accumulation in the abdomen, which is fatal and untreatable. A fine, deep, and straight pulse indicates carbuncles and swellings on the body and Fuliang (Fuliang) in the abdomen. A deep and deficient pulse indicates diarrhea and dysentery. A small, deep, and solid pulse indicates accumulation in the stomach, where purgation is contraindicated, leading to vomiting immediately after eating.