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The *Daquan* (Complete Collection) states: Fetal restlessness during pregnancy is caused by deficiency of the Chong and Ren meridians and unstable conception. There are also cases caused by excessive drinking or sexual intercourse damaging the fetus; cases caused by accidental blows or touches disturbing the fetus; cases caused by anger or joy leading to stagnant Qi, injuring the Heart and Liver, and stirring the blood vessels; cases where trusting a doctor's advice to take warming herbs results in medical error; and cases where the mother's illness disturbs the fetus, in which treating the mother's illness will naturally stabilize the fetus. In cases where the fetus is insecure, causing maternal illness, stabilizing the fetus will cure the mother. One must observe the mother's complexion and tongue: if the face is red and the tongue is cyan, it indicates death of the fetus and survival of the mother; if the face is cyan, the tongue is red, and foam issues from the mouth, it indicates death of the mother and survival of the fetus. If the lips are cyan and foam issues from both corners of the mouth, both mother and fetus will die.

(Referring to pregnant women experiencing hematuria during menstruation, bleeding from the urethra, whereas Lou Tai [Leaking Fetus] involves bleeding from the Bao Men [uterine gate].)

The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: When a woman's menstrual flow is merely slightly reduced, but the physician diagnoses pregnancy upon palpation, how should this be distinguished? The physician says: If the Cun Kou pulse is balanced in Yin and Yang, with harmonious Ying and Wei, slippery upon deep pressure, and light upon superficial pressure, conforming to the methods of the Yangming and Shaoyin meridians, accompanied by aversion to cold, loss of appetite, headache, mental confusion, nausea, rapid exhalation, and calm inhalation, with abundant Yang Qi and slippery Yin Qi, this should be interpreted as excess Blood. A slippery pulse indicates excess Blood nourishing the six meridians, hence menstruation occurs. Yin encountering Yang essence causes fluid coagulation in the Bao Gong [uterus]; dispersion leads to damage or abortion. If Yang were excessive, it might indicate twins; since Yang is insufficient here, it is called "Ji Jing" [Stimulated Menses] (A slippery pulse governs Blood excess; combined with scanty menses, it governs pregnancy). Generally, if menstrual flow during pregnancy is scanty, while diet and spirit remain normal, and the six pulses are gentle, slippery, and large without pathology, it indicates Blood excess. Once the fetus grows and consumes nutrients, menstruation ceases naturally.

The *Daquan* states: "Lou Tai" [Leaking Fetus] refers to vaginal bleeding occurring monthly during pregnancy. This is due to deficiency of the Chong and Ren meridians, failing to control the blood of the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine meridian and Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian. The Chong and Ren meridians are the sea of the collaterals, originating within the Bao Gong. The Hand-Taiyang is the Small Intestine meridian, and the Hand-Shaoyin is the Heart meridian. These two meridians are exterior-interior pairs; upward they transform into milk, downward into menstruation. During pregnancy, menstruation stops because Qi and Blood are congested to nourish the fetus and stored as milk. Deficiency of Chong and Ren Qi leads to leakage within the Bao Gong, inability to control menstrual blood, hence monthly bleeding, also called "Bao Lou" [Uterine Leakage]; if blood exhausts, death ensues. Other cases arise from labor, unregulated emotions, consumption of raw/cold foods, or exposure to wind-cold, leading to fetal restlessness. If the mother has chronic disease, the Zi Zang [uterus] is invaded by wind-cold, disrupting Qi and Blood, unsettling the fetus, causing bleeding. After conception, Qi and Blood are stored to nourish the fetus; how can they disperse? This happens because Wind invades the Ying meridians, causing Blood to move recklessly. Thus, the flowing blood is not that which nourishes the fetus. Treating this as Lou Tai by administering tonic/fetal-stabilizing herbs would be "reinforcing excess and depleting deficiency," likely leading to miscarriage. If the physician understands the Wind in Ying meridians, using a single Wind-dispersing herb can stop menstruation (Wind herbs for Lou Tai also lift Liver Qi, securing the fetus by stopping leakage, not just dispersing Wind). Or, without medication, the fetus may remain safe. However, if the fetus was inherently insecure and miscarried after initial leakage due to immoderate intercourse, it must be treated as Lou Tai, requiring careful differentiation. The *Mai Jing* states: In the sixth or seventh month of pregnancy, sudden profuse discharge of water (over a dou) causes the uterus to tilt and abort; this is premature discharge of "Gu Jiang" [isolated amniotic fluid] (Premature Gu Jiang discharge inevitably leads to abortion, indicating dual deficiency of Qi and Blood).

Xue Ji notes: For Lou Tai with yellow discharge or bean-juice-like fluid, due to Damp-Heat in Liver and Spleen, use Sheng Yang Chu Shi Tang [Yang-Raising Damp-Draining Decoction]. For uterine hemorrhage due to Wind-Heat in Liver and Spleen, use Jia Wei Xiao Yao San [Modified Free Wanderer Powder]. For Liver-Spleen depression and anger, use Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang [Modified Restore the Spleen Decoction]; for Spleen-Stomach Qi deficiency, use Qian Shi Bai Zhu San [Child Master's Atractylodes Powder]; for Spleen Qi sinking, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang [Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction]; for Wind-Heat in the Liver channel, use Fang Feng Huang Qin Wan [Saposhnikovia and Scutellaria Pills]; for Wind invading the intestines and stomach, use Wei Qi Tang [Stomach-Qi Decoction].