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The *Daquan* (Complete Good Prescriptions) states: The Kidney governs the waist and feet. Due to fatigue and injury disturbing the meridians, when deficiency occurs, wind-cold pathogens take advantage of the weakness, thus causing lower back pain. When cold qi invades due to deficiency, it causes abdominal pain, resulting in pain that draws between the waist and abdomen. If this pain persists, it often disturbs fetal qi. In women, the Kidney connects to the Bao Palace (uterus). During pregnancy, severe lower back pain indicates a descent of the Bao Palace.

According to Xue Ji: If the aforementioned symptoms are caused by external pathogens, use Duhuo Jisheng Tang (Angelica Pubescens Decoction for Expelling Wind-Dampness and Nourishing Qi and Blood); if caused by labor injuring Yuan Qi (Original Qi), use Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction) with added Duzhong (Eucommia Bark), Sharen (Amomum Fruit), Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin), and Aye (Mugwort Leaf); if there is insufficiency of Spleen and Kidney, add Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) and Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit) to the previous prescription; if there is stagnation of Qi and Blood, use Zisu Yin (Perilla Infusion) with added Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) and Zhike (Bitter Orange); if Liver Fire flares up, use Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with added Baizhu, Zhike, and Shanzhi (Gardenia Fruit); if there is depression and knotting of Liver and Spleen, use Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction) with added Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) and Zhike.

(This refers to Zi Man [Fetal Fullness], Zi Qi [Fetal Qi Edema], and Tai Shui Zhong Man [Fetal Water Swelling].)

The *Chanbao Lun* (Treatise on Obstetrics and Treasures) states: Swelling and fullness during pregnancy occur because the visceral Qi was originally weak, and pregnancy further exacerbates this deficiency. Earth fails to control Water, blood scatters into the four limbs, leading to abdominal distension, edema of the feet, face, and eyes, and obstructed, scanty urination. Chen Wuzhe states: Women who have pre-existing wind-cold-damp pathogenic factors often experience foot swelling during pregnancy, commonly known as "Zhoujiao" (Wrinkled Feet). There are also cases of whole-body swelling and fullness with urgent chest and abdominal distension, named "Taishui" (Fetal Water).

The discussion states: Pregnant women should avoid extreme emotional agitation. If the Qi is peaceful, the fetal Qi remains stable. If struck by wind-cold pathogens or subjected to other provocations, illness will arise following the pathogens. During pregnancy, menstrual blood is retained to nourish the fetus. If sudden edema occurs, it is because water-dampness accompanies the fetus; water and blood contend with each other. The Spleen and Stomach dislike dampness, and the body's muscles are soaked by dampness. When Qi is weak, muscles become deficient, water flows and overflows into the Qi level, causing whole-body swelling and fullness. However, the causes vary. Some result from diarrhea or dysentery, causing visceral laxity and damaging the Spleen and Stomach. Others result from cold-heat malaria or excessive drinking due to thirst, where dampness soaks the Spleen and Stomach, all leading to edema of the head, eyes, hands, or feet. However, if water-soaking affects the Bao Palace before the fetus has formed, the fetus is likely to be damaged. On the day of delivery, slight swelling of the feet indicates that the Bao Palace has less water and more blood, with fluid emerging externally, causing slight swelling, which facilitates easy delivery. Pre-existing cold qi, triggered by cold exposure, can cause abdominal distension and swelling.

The *Chanru Ji Lun* (Collected Treatises on Obstetrics and Lactation) states: After conception at three months, both feet gradually swell from the dorsum of the foot up to the legs and knees, making walking difficult, leading to panting and chest oppression, poor appetite resembling water-pathogen patterns, and yellow fluid oozing from between the toes. This is called "Ziqi" (Fetal Qi Edema), which subsides only after delivery. This is due to pre-existing wind pathogens in the woman, or blood-wind in the Chong and Ren meridians. One should not recklessly administer decoctions, but since severe cases pose unpredictable risks near delivery, treatment is necessary before childbirth. (Ancient formulas rarely discuss this condition. In the Yuanfeng era, Chen Jingchu of Huainan alone discussed its treatment, using a formula named Xiangfu San, which Li Boshi called Tianxianteng San.)

According to Xue Ji: If the aforementioned symptoms present with chest fullness and abdominal distension, inability to urinate, and generalized edema, use Liyu Tang (Carp Decoction). (Discussion: Fullness refers to generalized swelling and fullness or urgent chest tightness in pregnant women, named Taishui. Upon examining the anterior chest of the pregnant woman, finding no distinction between chest and abdomen, urgently administering 3-5 doses of Liyu Tang resulted in the discharge of foul fluids via stool and urine, reducing swelling and removing distension, allowing for the delivery of a dead fetus. This condition arises because the pregnant abdomen enlarges without the patient's awareness; everyone assumes this is normal for pregnancy, ultimately unaware of the harm caused by Taishui.)

For Spleen and Stomach deficiency, combine with Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction). For puffy face and eyes, and limbs resembling water-swelling, use Baizhu San from *Quanshengji*, and if ineffective, use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction). For Spleen deficiency with damp-heat causing lower body swelling, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) with added Fuling (Poria). For irregular diet causing vomiting and diarrhea, use Liujunzi Tang. For swelling of legs and feet, panting, chest oppression, restlessness, or oozing fluid between fingers, use Tianxianteng San. For Spleen and Stomach deficiency, combine with Sijunzi Tang. If ineffective, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang. For Qi stagnation of Spleen and Lung, use Jiawei Guipi Tang (Modified Restore the Spleen Decoction), assisted by Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder).