许叔微曰∶妇人天癸已过期，经脉不匀，或三月四月不至，或一月再至，腰腹疼痛。经云七损八益，谓女子
七数尽，而经不根据时者，血有余也，不可止之，但令得根据时，不腰痛为善，宜服当归散。
《产宝百问》曰∶男子生于寅，寅属木，阳中有阴，故男子得八数。女子生于申，申属金，阴中有阳，故
女子得七数。男以气为主，八八则卦数已尽，尽则阳精痿。女以血为主，七七则卦数已终，终则经水绝，冲任
虚衰，天癸绝而地道不通，而无子。或劳伤过度，喜怒不时，经脉衰微之际，又为邪气攻冲，则当止不止而复
下。
李时珍曰∶妇人年过五十，而经行不止者，作败血论。又妇人四十九后，天癸当止不止，每月却行，或过
多，用条芩二两，醋浸七日，炙干，又浸七次，为末，醋丸，空心温酒下，名芩心丸。
慎斋按∶以上三条，序妇人天癸过期，而有经行之病也。一主于有余，一主于邪伤，一主于败血，败血即
属崩漏，当以人之禀赋强弱参之。
《圣济总录》曰∶女人以冲任二经，为经脉之海。手太阳小肠之经，与手少阴心经，此二经相为表里，
主下为月水。若劳伤经脉，则冲任气虚，冲任既虚，则不能制其气血，故令月事来而不断也。
陈良甫曰∶妇人月水不断，淋漓腹痛，或因劳损气血而伤冲任，或因经行而合阴阳，以致外邪客于胞内，
滞于血海故也。若气虚不能摄血，但养元气，病邪自愈。攻其邪，则元气反伤矣。
慎斋按∶以上二条，序妇人月水宜止而不止也。妇人经行，每月一至，如潮之来，故曰月信。若每月既至，
或三日，或四五日即应止。而淋漓不断，非冲任气虚，不能约制，为内伤不足，即劳伤气血，外邪客胞，而外
感有余。有余不足，当参以人之强弱也。
Xu Shuwei stated: When a woman's Tian Gui (menstrual essence) has passed its normal cycle and menstruation becomes irregular, occurring either every three or four months or twice a month, accompanied by pain in the waist and abdomen. The *Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic* mentions "Seven Losses and Eight Benefits," meaning that for women, whose life cycle is based on the number seven, if menstruation does not occur on time when this cycle concludes, it indicates an excess of blood. It should not be forcibly stopped; rather, the goal is to restore regular timing without causing backache. The appropriate prescription is Danggui San (Angelica Powder).
*Chanbao Baiwen* (Hundred Questions on Obstetrics) states: Men are born in the Yin year, which belongs to Wood, containing Yin within Yang; thus, men follow the number eight. Women are born in the Shen year, which belongs to Metal, containing Yang within Yin; thus, women follow the number seven. Men prioritize Qi (vital energy); upon reaching eight cycles of eight years (64 years old), their hexagram numbers are exhausted, leading to the withering of Yang essence. Women prioritize Blood; upon reaching seven cycles of seven years (49 years old), their hexagram numbers conclude, leading to the cessation of menstrual water, deficiency of the Chong and Ren meridians (which govern reproduction), exhaustion of Tian Gui, blockage of the Di Dao (reproductive passage), and infertility. If excessive labor causes injury, or if emotions like anger and joy are unregulated, and during the phase of declining meridians, one is attacked by pathogenic factors, then menstruation, which should have ceased, will continue to flow.
Li Shizhen stated: For women over fifty who experience continuous menstruation, it should be treated as Bai Xue (stagnant/decayed blood). Furthermore, after age forty-nine, when Tian Gui should cease but continues monthly, or flows excessively, use Er Liang (two taels) of Tiao Qin (a type of Scutellariae Radix/Huangqin), soaked in vinegar for seven days, dried by roasting, soaked again seven times, ground into powder, formed into pills with vinegar, and taken on an empty stomach with warm wine. This is named Qinxin Wan (Scutellaria Heart Pill).
Shenzhai commented: The above three passages describe menstrual abnormalities occurring after the Tian Gui cycle has expired. One attributes it to blood excess, another to pathogenic injury, and the third to stagnant blood, which falls under Beng Lou (metrorrhagia and metrostaxis). One must consider the individual's constitutional strength.
*Shengji Zonglu* (General Records of the Holy Empire) states: In women, the Chong and Ren meridians serve as the sea of the twelve meridians. The Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian and the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian are exterior-interior pairs that govern lower menstrual flow. If labor injures the meridians, causing Qi deficiency in the Chong and Ren, these meridians become too weak to control Qi and Blood, resulting in continuous menstrual bleeding.
Chen Liangfu stated: Continuous, dripping menstruation accompanied by abdominal pain may result from labor damaging Qi and Blood and injuring the Chong and Ren meridians, or from sexual intercourse during menstruation, allowing external pathogens to invade the Bao Gong (uterus) and stagnate in the Xue Hai (Sea of Blood). If Qi deficiency fails to hold the blood, one should only nourish the Yuan Qi (original Qi), and the pathogen will resolve itself. Attacking the pathogen directly would instead damage the Yuan Qi.
Shenzhai commented: The above two passages describe menstruation that should cease but does not. Menstruation occurs once a month, like the tide, hence called Yue Xin (monthly trust/cycle). Once it arrives each month, it should stop after three to five days. If it drips continuously, it is either due to Chong and Ren Qi deficiency failing to restrain flow (internal deficiency/injury) or due to labor damaging Qi and Blood with external pathogens invading the uterus (external excess). One must assess whether it is excess or deficiency based on the person's physical strength.