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Qi Zhongfu stated: When a woman's Qi and Blood are harmonious, the fetal Qi remains stable. If Qi and Blood are deficient, and the uterus is invaded by wind-cold pathogens, leading to a deficiency of Ying (Nutritive) Blood and weakness of Wei (Defensive) Qi, it fails to nourish the fetus, resulting in miscarriage. For instance, at three months of pregnancy, the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin should nourish the fetus. If one fails to maintain proper lifestyle and damages this meridian, the fetus will inevitably miscarry; even if she conceives again, the miscarriage will recur at that specific time. If lower back pain persists during pregnancy, one must guard against miscarriage. The waist is the mansion of the Kidney, and in women, the Kidney connects to the Bao Palace (uterus).

Zhu Danxi stated: Fertilization occurs when Yang acts and Yin transforms. If Qi and Blood are deficient and insufficient to nourish the fetus, spontaneous abortion ensues. This is like a branch withering causing fruit to fall, or a vine decaying causing flowers to drop. Alternatively, labor and anger may injure the emotions, stirring internal fire, which can also cause miscarriage. It is akin to wind shaking a tree or a person breaking its branches. Fire consumes all things; this is the natural order of creation. *The Source of Diseases* attributes miscarriage to wind-cold injuring the Zi Zang (uterus), which fails to grasp the true nature of the condition. Some pregnant women inevitably miscarry at three or four months; their pulse is large and powerless on the left hand, and rough upon heavy pressure, indicating blood deficiency. One should merely tonify Middle Qi so that Blood naturally nourishes the fetus. Decoct Baidao (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) thickly and administer Huangqin powder (Scutellariae Radix); after dozens of doses, stability is achieved. Thus, I reflect that miscarriages due to internal heat combined with deficiency are common. Regarding "heat" and "deficiency," their severity must be distinguished. Generally, at three months of pregnancy, the body corresponds to the phase of vigorous Ministerial Fire, making miscarriage prone. Otherwise, why would Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shu Ai Ye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium Preparatum), and Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini) be considered excellent herbs for calming the fetus?

Wang Shishan stated: There was a woman with an irritable temperament who had suffered frequent miscarriages seven or eight times. Her pulses were soft and powerless throughout; although the Chi positions (both sides) were floating, they were weak and could not withstand deep palpation. This was because excessive miscarriages had severely depleted Qi and Blood, leaving the fetus without nourishment, hence the frequent losses. It is like water drying up causing grain to wither, or soil eroding causing trees to fall. Moreover, the third and fifth months are precisely when Shaoyang Ministerial Fire stirs; compounded by her irritable nature, miscarriages often occur in the third, fifth, and seventh months. Da Bu Yin Tang (Great Tonification of Yin Decoction) is suitable, removing Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and adding Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), formed into honey pills for administration.

Zhu Danxi stated: In some women whose menstruation has ceased, or where the fetus has taken shape but not fully developed, the fetus will inevitably miscarry. Observing her irritable and angry disposition, dark complexion, and robust Qi, this indicates excessive Ministerial Fire. Instead of generating Qi to transform and form the fetus, it consumes Qi and injures Essence.