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Yang Renzhai stated: Profuse bleeding from the lower jiao that does not stop is called *Bengzhong* (Metrorrhagia); the constant flow of turbid fluid is called *Daixia* (Leukorrhea). Blood loss in *Bengzhong* is mostly caused by deficiency and damage to the Chong and Ren vessels, resulting from injury to Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi.

Cold-type leukorrhea mixed with discharge is mostly due to insecurity of the lower jiao combined internally with wind-cold pathogens; this is indeed correct. However, for *Bengzhong*, if one administers Xiong (Ligusticum), Gui (Angelica sinensis), Xiangfu (Cyperus), and other black-processed herbs, the bleeding may temporarily cease but will ultimately recur. For *Daixia*, if one administers Shu Ai Ye (Mugwort leaf processed with honey/soil), Yuliang Shi (Hematite), Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis egg case), and Muli (Oyster shell), the discharge may temporarily subside but will ultimately persist. Why? The Classics state: "Wei Qi warms the muscles, fills the skin, thickens the interstices, and controls the opening and closing." If Wei Qi is deficient, the muscles are not warm, the skin is not filled, the interstices are not thickened, and the control of opening and closing is lost. Moreover, the Stomach is the Sea of Blood, where fluids converge. The Stomach belongs to Earth in the center, governs the muscles, and constrains blood and fluids. When both Wei Qi and Stomach Qi are deficient, the muscles become weak and the skin hollow; blood and fluids cannot constrain each other, hence the condition arises without fixed timing and does not pause. Therefore, when employing astringent methods, must we not pay special attention to formulas that consolidate Wei Qi and strengthen the Spleen? This refers to Guizhi Fuzi Decoction (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) to consolidate Wei Qi; Renshen (Ginseng), Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala), Fuling (Poria), Caoguo (Tsaoko cardamom), Dingxiang (Clove), and Muxiang (Aucklandia) to strengthen the Spleen. Both aspects are indispensable, allowing Qi and Blood to return to their normal pathways, rather than solely using astringents to forcibly arrest them.

Wu Meipo stated: In women, the discharge of red and white fluids that is not very thick is called *Baiyin* (White Leucorrhea); it is related to Minister Fire (Xiang Huo) dysfunction, similar to the disturbance of Dragon and Thunder fire that fails to clarify. It involves the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian; treatment should focus on clearing and tonifying. If there is slippery, white, thick, and sticky discharge, it is called *Daixia*; it involves the Pericardium Hand-Jueyin Meridian and Shaoyang Meridian. Just as in men, spontaneous emission of semen or even sand-like gravel dysuria originates from the Pericardium, relates to the spine, connects to the Dai (Belt) Vessel, communicates with the Ren (Conception) Vessel, descends to Yongquan (KI1), and ascends to Niwan Palace; treatment is suitable with animal-derived tonics to nourish. This is a theory exploring the root source. People at the time were stuck in routine practices, treating it as flowing phlegm, using Muli (Oyster shell), Longgu (Fossilized bone), Diyü (Sanguisorba), Ejiao (Donkey-hide gelatin), and Ai Ye (Mugwort) to astringe, combined with Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction), plus lifting agents. They did not realize that the root was damaged, leading to putrefaction. Cold and stagnant turbid substances only increase stagnation. Lifting abnormal Qi only increases depression. Only Liulong Guben Pill (Six Dragons Root-Securing Pill) and Shiliuwei Baoyuan Decoction (Sixteen-Ingredient Origin-Preserving Decoction) should be used as main prescriptions. Since the syndrome belongs to deficiency, tonification and nourishment are appropriate. Other books attribute it to phlegm and dampness, or colloquially say the five zang organs are cold. Some claim white represents Qi and red represents Blood; these are vague and imprecise statements. Those who understand this principle will surely have divine insight. Shiliuwei Baoyuan Decoction treats red and white leukorrhea. Gusui Bu (Drynaria), Guanzhong (Cyrtomium), de-haired, 3 qian; Duzhong (Eucommia), Xiaohuixiang (Fennel), stir-fried with salt wine, 1.5 qian; Renshen (Ginseng), 2 qian; Huangqi (Astragalus), 1 qian; Bajitian (Morinda), 2 qian; Danggui (Angelica sinensis), 1 qian; Shihu (Dendrobium), 7 fen; Shengma (Cimicifuga), 7 fen; Shanyao (Dioscorea), 1 qian; Sheng Gancao (Licorice root), 6 fen; Duhuo (Angelica pubescens), 1 qian; Fuling (Poria), 7 fen; Lianxu (Lotus stamen), 1 qian; Huangbai (Phellodendron bark), 8 fen; Yuanrou (Longan aril), 3 pieces. Liulong Guben Pill: Shanyao (Dioscorea), 4 liang; Bajitian Rou (Morinda flesh), 4 liang; Xiao Zhuyu (Cornus officinalis), 4 liang; Chuanlianzi (Toosendan fruit), 2 liang; Xiaohuixiang (Fennel), 1 liang; Buguzhi (Psoralea), 2 liang; Qingyan (Green salt), 3 qian; Renshen (Ginseng) 2 liang mixed with decoction; Lianrou (Lotus seed flesh), 2 liang; Huangqi (Astragalus), 2 liang; Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong), 1 liang; Mugua (Chaenomeles), 1 liang.