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**First Discussion:** A pulse that is flooding (Hong) and rapid with tension (Cu Jin) indicates shoulder and back pain. A pulse that is deep (Chen) and slippery (Hua) indicates pain caused by phlegm.

**Huotan Decoction (Phlegm-Expelling Decoction)**
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus, fried), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Haitongpi (Erythrinae Cortex), Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) [each 8 fen]; Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, processed), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) [each 7 fen]; Fuling (Poria, peeled, 6 fen); Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Jianghuang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma) [each 5 fen]; Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen).
Crush the above herbs into one dose. Decoct with fresh ginger and take orally. If the pain is severe, add Muxiao (Natrii Sulfas, Mirabilite) 2 qian to the first decoction.

**Second Discussion:** Shoulder and back pain accompanied by an inability to turn the head backward is due to the stagnation and obstruction of Qi in the Taiyang channel. It should be dispersed using wind-dispelling herbs. Pain in the spine and stiffness in the waist, where the waist feels as if it were broken, and the neck feels as if it were pulled out, indicate a lack of free flow in the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel.

**Qianghuo Shengshi Decoction (Notopterygium Decoction for Overcoming Dampness)**
Ben (Ligustici Sinensis Rhizoma, often referred to as Gaoben in this context), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) [each 1 qian]; Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 1 qian); Manjingzi (Vittariae Spora, 6 fen); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 6 fen).
Crush the above herbs into one dose. Decoct with water and take orally. If there is body pain and heaviness in the waist, indicating damp-cold in the channels, add Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) 1 qian. For mild cases, use Paofuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata); for severe cases, use Paochuanwu (Aconiti Radix), each 5 fen.

**Third Discussion:** Pain at a single point on the back is due to the accumulation of phlegm and Qi stagnation.

**Canhe Decoction (Integration Decoction)**
Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed), Fuling (Poria, peeled), Wuyao (Linderae Radix), Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus, fried), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Zisu (Perillae Folium), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) [equal parts].
Crush the above herbs. Decoct with fresh ginger and jujube, and take orally.

**Fourth Discussion:** Wind-heat invading the Lung causes stiffness and pain in the shoulder and back.

**Tijian San (Shoulder-Lifting Powder)**
Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Ben (Ligustici Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, fried) [each 7 fen]; Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, wine-fried), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, wine-fried) [each 5 fen]; Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 4 fen).
Crush the above herbs into one dose. Add three slices of fresh ginger, decoct with water, and take orally. If dampness is present, add Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), and Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) [each 5 fen]. If Qi deficiency exists, add Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). If sweating is excessive, add Huangqi (Astragali Radix, honey-fried) 1 qian. If Blood deficiency exists, add Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix).

**Fifth Treatment:** Shoulder and back pain with sweating, frequent urination with scanty output, caused by wind-heat invading the Lung and severe stagnation of Lung Qi. The condition will resolve by draining wind-heat.

**Yingqi Fangfeng Decoction (Wind-Dispersing Decoction for Welcoming Qi)**
Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [each 5 fen]; Ben (Ligustici Rhizoma), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) [each 3 fen]; Baidoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) [each 2 fen]; Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 4 fen); Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, honey-water fried) [each 1 qian].
Crush the above herbs into one dose. Decoct with water and take warm after meals. Do not administer if the patient has a pale complexion, loss of luster, and shortness of breath.

**Sixth Discussion:** In individuals with weak constitutions, aversion to wind on the back, or fear of removing clothes even in summer, as well as postpartum women whose meridians are invaded by cold wind causing chronic cold pain or bone-chilling cold in the hands and feet, this formula is also used for lower back pain, all types of cold-bi pain, and dampness.

**Yuhan Gao (Cold-Defying Paste)**
Take 8 liang of fresh ginger and extract its natural juice. Add 3 liang of Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) and 1.5 qian each of powdered Xurxiang (Boswelliae Resina) and Moyao (Commiphora Myrrha). Melt in a copper spoon, then transfer to boiling water. Stir continuously with a willow twig until it forms a paste. Add a small amount of Huajiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium) powder and stir evenly. Apply the paste onto leather paper to form a patch. Cut the patch to fit the width and length of the painful area, apply it to the affected site, and warm it by ironing with shoes. Remove after five to seven days. Small blisters may appear; this is harmless.