凡乳母慎护养儿。乳哺欲其有节。襁褓欲其有宜。达其饥饱。察其强弱。适其 薄。循其寒燠。盖自有道。不可不
知也。
凡儿自初生至盈月。宜常常时取猪乳汁滴儿口中。令咽。最为佳妙。又以珍珠末一大豆许。用蜜一蚬壳和之。分三
次或四次。每十日内外与一次。涂儿口中。安心神。镇魂魄。
凡儿生肌肉未成。不可与暖浓新绵之衣。当与故絮帛薄衣。若与新绵浓暖，则蒸燠生热。筋骨缓弱。故圣济经云。
襁褓者衣欲旧帛。绵欲故絮。非乃恶于新燠。亦资父母之余气。以致养焉。
凡乳母。若遇天和无风之时。当抱儿在日中嬉戏。使数见风日。则血凝气刚。肌肉硬密。堪耐风寒。若藏帏帐之内。
重衣温暖。譬如阴地草木。不见风日。则脆软不任。易为伤损。故圣济经言。重衣温浓。帏帐周密。宜与减损。甚则伤
皮肤。害血脉。是生多疾也。
凡儿常令薄衣，虽冬月。但令着两夹衣。及衲衣之类，若极寒。即渐加旧絮衣。人家多务爱惜。乃以新绵浓衣。温
养过宜。适以为害。薄衣之法。当从秋习之，若至来春稍暖。须渐减其衣。不可便行卒减，恐令儿伤中风寒。
凡儿于冬月。须着帽项之衣。夏月须着背褡。及于当脊。更衬缀一重。以防风寒所干。谓诸脏之俞。皆在于背故也。
又常令乳母。每日三时。摸儿项后筋两辕之间。名曰风池。若热。即须熨之。令微汗则愈。谚云。戒养小儿。慎护风池
者是也。
凡儿于春时。不可覆头裹足。致阳气不得出泄。则发热矣。
凡儿常当看觑消息。无令身体有汗。若汗出则致腠理虚。而以受风寒。昼夜寤寐。皆当慎之。须审天气冷暖。衣服
浓薄。
凡儿于暑月。时常令在凉处。勿禁水浆。但少少与之。唯是不宜多与。
凡儿不可抱于檐下洗浴。又不可当风解脱。恐为寒干。又啼哭未断。不可与乳。冒冷冲寒。不可哺饲。恐为食伤。
又不可近神佛之前。驴马之畔。又不可令儿见怪异之物。及各门异户不相识之人。恐为客忤。
凡儿生三日之外。当与少哺。姚和众云。以粟米煮粥。饮研如乳汁。每日与半蚬壳许。以助谷神。导达肠胃。孙真
人云。以粳米饮。七日外与三大豆许。慎不可杂与药吃。巢氏云。儿生满三十日后。当哺少物。如二枣核许。至五十日。
如樱桃许。至百日。如大枣许。若乳少。当以意增之。不可多与。恐不能胜。别生病矣。若乳多。不消哺食者。亦须少
少与之。以壮肠胃。儿大。稍稍增之。当有常剂。圣济经亦云。儿生三日用饮。过三日用哺。哺之以赖壳气也。哺之多
少。量日为则。如是则五脏得养。而胃气壮矣。今之养小儿者。多务爱惜过当。往往至二三岁。尚未与食。致脾胃虚弱。
体力怯软。平生多病。若在半年之后。宜煮陈米稀粥与之。十月以后。渐与稠粥烂饭。以助中气。则自然易养少病。惟
忌生冷油腻荤茹甜物。
凡小儿乳哺。既有常剂。若忽尔却乳哺少者。此是腹中少有不和也。盒饭与微微下之。若都不肯食。但饮少乳者。
此伤重。要下之。不可不下也。若不与下。则生寒热。或为吐痢。及为癖积。脉大者发痫。皆不早治之由也。孙真人亦
曰。小儿寒热。亦当下之。乃瘥。又小儿乳哺。不能无痰癖也。常当节适之。若稍不进乳食。便以微药克化。紫圆最妙。
（方在后）不得行 药转痢。又不得为无事而迁延。致病大即难治尔。小儿微患。便与微下。则损不甚而易愈矣。若于
春夏之时有疾。（千金云。立夏后）切不可妄行吐下。及微疾亦不可乱行针灸。盖针灸伤经络。吐下损腑脏故也。若误行
转泻。则使下焦虚而上焦热。变成大病也。故巢氏有言。小儿春夏。自非甚病。决定不可吐下者是也。
Whenever a wet nurse cares for and raises an infant, she must exercise caution and protection. Breastfeeding should be regulated, and swaddling should be appropriate. One must understand the infant's hunger and satiety, observe their strength and weakness, adapt to the thickness or thinness of food, and follow the cold and heat of the climate. There is a natural way in this, which one must not fail to know.
From birth until one month old, it is advisable to frequently drip pig milk into the infant's mouth for swallowing, which is the most excellent method. Additionally, take pearl powder (Zhenzhu) the size of a soybean, mix it with honey (Fengmi) in the volume of a clam shell, divide it into three or four doses, administer once every ten days or so, and apply it inside the infant's mouth to calm the Shen (Spirit) and anchor the Hun and Po (Soul).
After birth, when the infant's muscles have not yet fully formed, they should not be dressed in warm, thick new cotton clothes. Instead, thin clothes made of old silk floss should be used. If dressed in dense, warm new cotton, internal heat may arise from steaming, leading to laxity and weakness of bones and sinews. Therefore, the *Shengji Jing* states: Swaddling clothes should be old silk, and padding should be old floss. This is not because new warmth is disliked, but also to utilize the residual Qi of parents for nourishment.
When the weather is mild and windless, the wet nurse should hold the infant outdoors in the sunlight to play, allowing the infant to be exposed to wind and sun frequently. This will cause blood to coagulate and Qi to become firm, making muscles hard and dense, capable of withstanding wind and cold. If kept hidden within curtains, wrapped in heavy layers for warmth, it is like plants in the shade that do not see wind or sun; they become brittle and soft, prone to injury. Thus, the *Shengji Jing* says: Heavy clothing and thick warmth, along with tight curtains, should be reduced. Otherwise, it may damage the skin and harm the blood vessels, giving rise to various diseases.
Infants should generally wear thin clothing. Even in winter, two layers of padded jackets or quilted clothes are sufficient. In extreme cold, old floss clothes can be gradually added. People often over-protect by using thick new cotton clothes, providing excessive warmth, which becomes harmful. The method of wearing thin clothes should be practiced starting from autumn. When spring arrives and becomes slightly warmer, clothes should be gradually reduced. They should not be removed abruptly, lest the infant catch wind-cold.
In winter, infants must wear clothes with hoods to protect the neck. In summer, they should wear back protectors (Beida), with an extra layer stitched at the spine to prevent invasion by wind-cold, as the Shu points of all Zang-Fu organs are located on the back.
Furthermore, the wet nurse should massage the area between the tendons behind the infant's neck, known as Fengchi (GB20, Wind Pool), three times daily. If there is heat, moxibustion or warming should be applied until slight sweating occurs, which leads to recovery. As the proverb says: "Beware of negligence in raising children; carefully protect Fengchi."
In spring, infants' heads and feet should not be covered tightly, preventing the discharge of Yang Qi, which would lead to fever.
Caregivers must constantly monitor the infant to ensure no sweat appears on the body. Sweating causes pores (Couli) to become deficient, inviting wind-cold. Caution is required both day and night, adjusting to weather temperature and clothing thickness.
During hot months, infants should stay in cool places. Water and fluids should not be forbidden, but given in small amounts; excessive intake is inadvisable.
Infants should not be bathed under eaves, nor undressed in the wind, to avoid cold invasion. Do not breastfeed while the infant is crying excessively, nor feed them while they are chilled, to prevent food injury. Avoid exposing infants to statues of deities, donkeys, or horses, nor let them see strange objects or unfamiliar people from other households, to prevent "Ke Wu" (invasion by external pathogenic factors due to fright).
After three days of birth, small amounts of supplementary food should be introduced. Yao Hezhong suggests cooking millet porridge, grinding it to a milky consistency, and giving half a clam shell daily to assist the "Grain God" (digestive function) and guide the intestines and stomach. Sun Simiao recommends rice water (Jingmi Yin); after seven days, give the amount of three soybeans. Do not mix medicines with food. Chao Yuanfang states: After thirty days, feed a small amount, like two jujube pits. At fifty days, like a cherry. At one hundred days, like a large jujube. If breast milk is insufficient, increase supplements moderately, avoiding excess to prevent indigestion and new illnesses. If breast milk is abundant and digestion is poor, still give small amounts to strengthen the intestines and stomach. As the child grows, increase gradually according to a fixed standard. The *Shengji Jing* also states: Use liquids for the first three days, then solids (Bu) thereafter, relying on Stomach Qi for digestion. The quantity depends on the number of days. This nourishes the Five Zang organs and strengthens Stomach Qi. Currently, many caregivers over-protect, withholding food until age two or three, leading to weak Spleen and Stomach, frail physique, and lifelong illness. After six months, cooked old rice congee is suitable. After ten months, thicker congee and soft rice can be introduced to support Middle Qi, making the child easier to raise and less prone to disease. Avoid raw, cold, greasy, meaty, and sweet foods.
If an infant suddenly reduces feeding despite having a regular schedule, it indicates disharmony in the abdomen. Mild purgatives should be administered. If the infant refuses all food and only takes small amounts of milk, the condition is severe, and purgation is necessary. Without purgation, cold-heat patterns, vomiting, diarrhea, or accumulations (Pi Ji) may develop. A large pulse may indicate epilepsy, all due to delayed treatment. Sun Simiao also stated that cold-heat conditions in children require purgation for recovery. Furthermore, children inevitably have phlegm and accumulations related to feeding; moderation is key. If feeding decreases slightly, mild resolving medicines like Zi Yuan (Purple Pill) are best (formula follows later). Do not use harsh drugs causing severe diarrhea, nor delay treatment unnecessarily, as serious illness becomes difficult to treat. Mild ailments in children respond well to mild purgation, minimizing damage and ensuring quick recovery. During spring and summer, if illness occurs (as noted in *Qianjin Fang*: after Start of Summer), do not recklessly use emetics or purgatives, nor indiscriminately use acupuncture and moxibustion for minor ailments, as these methods can damage meridians and viscera. Mistakenly inducing diarrhea causes deficiency in the Lower Jiao and heat in the Upper Jiao, transforming into major illness. Thus, Chao Yuanfang stated: For children in spring and summer, unless the illness is severe, emetics and purgatives should definitely not be used.