肝脏 肝主风。肝病实。则目直叫哭。呵欠顿闷项急。（治当泻之）肝病虚。切牙多欠。口中气热。
则外生风。口中气温。则内生风。（治当补之）肝热则 衣捻物。热甚则目直视不搐。风主动。又风淫
末疾。热即风动于四末。故手 衣捻物也。热入于目。牵其筋脉。则两 俱紧。不能
转视。故目直也。（治当泻其心肝）肝有风则目连札。风甚则身反折强直不搐。凡病新久皆引风。风
动上于头目。目属肝。风入于目。则目上下左右如风之吹。不轻不重。儿不能任。故目连札也。风甚则风入于
筋脉。筋脉紧急。故身反强直也。（治当泻肝补肾）肝有热有风。甚则皆兼惊证。不搐者。谓未得心热故也。若
心热乘于肝。则子母俱有实热。风火相搏。而乃发搐。其抽掣之势。如风荡火也。（治在惊疾门之中）若肝热
衣捻物。壮热饮食喘闷者。肺乘之也。（治当泻肺）肝于四时。冬相春王。夏衰秋绝。若在春肝王之时。（早
晨亦同）反见肺病乘肝者。是肺强肝怯也。（治当泻肺补其肾。今肝虚补肾者。母能令子实也。甚则宜补其
肝。或子母俱补）轻者肺病退则愈。重者目中淡青。必发惊。若更有赤者。当发搐也。谓怯则目淡青色。有心热
则赤。故当发搐。肝虚实皆主风。若外感生者。则呵欠顿闷。口中气热。（治当发散）若能食饮水不止者。当微
下之。余不可下也。
心脏 心主惊。心病实。则叫哭发热饮水。惕跳上窜发搐。（治当泻之）心病虚。则卧而悸动不安。
手足摇纵。（治当补之）心病虚实皆主摇。心实则喜仰卧。谓心气实则气上行涩。若合面卧。气则不通快。故
喜仰卧。使气得上下通也。（治当泻之）心热则视其口中气温。或合面卧而就冷。及上窜切牙也。谓心热则
胸亦热。儿虽不能言。有就冷之意。故合面卧也。（治当泻热）若邪热乘心。则为惊啼。（治当安神）心于
四时。春相夏王。秋衰冬绝。若在夏心王之时。（日中亦同）反见肾病乘心者。是肾强心弱也。（治当补其肝
心。泻其膀胱。今肾强而泻膀胱者。谓肾主虚而无实。泻其膀胱之府。则脏不得盛也）轻者肾病退则
愈。重者悸动不已。当发搐也。
脾脏 脾主困。脾病实。则困睡身热。饮水能食。（治当下之）脾病虚。则身温四肢冷。吐泻生风。
（治当补之）脾寒者夜啼。脾属阴冷。即夜间发痛。故儿啼哭。（治当温中）脾热者弄舌。脾热则舌络
紧。故时时舒吐也。或时饮水。热则津液少故也。（治当分解其热）不可用凉药下之。医者多疑其饮水为热。
便以凉药下之。加面黄肌瘦。五心烦热。则为疳也。（治在疳疾门中）若不因脾热。大病未已。弄舌
者凶也。又脾藏冷热皆主吐泻困倦。若吐乳色黄者伤热。吐乳色青者伤冷。四时之间。秋冬春三时皆冷多。唯
夏暑时有热多。
胃 胃热者。若吐泻昏睡。露睛者虚热也。若吐泻昏睡。不露睛者实热也。胃久虚热。多生疸病。胃冷者。
若吐痰白沫绿水。不食腹痛。或泻青白痢。谷不化者。胃虚冷也。若胃虚怯有汗者。但上至项。下至脐也。若面
白。目无精光。口频撮。口中气冷。不思食者。胃不和也。又小儿筋骨未
成。血脉未全。自小多啼哭者。胃啼也。脾胃二者。腑脏表里。人之司命。故同病也。脾于四时。王在四旁。
（谓四季月）若于王时。反见他藏病乘脾者。是脾弱也。（如春季三月木位土王之时。见肺来乘之。秋九月金
位土王之时。见肝来乘之之类是也。他仿之。治当补弱为强。随证治之）轻者所乘之藏病退则愈。重者面目赤
黄。脾怯也。
肺脏 肺主喘。肺病实。则身温闷乱。气促喘急。（治当泻之）肺病虚。则身热哽气。长出气。（治当
补之）肺热则手掐眉目鼻面。甚则吐稠涎。及咯血者。久则肺虚。（治当补之）若虚热则唇深红色。（治
当解热）若实则涎痰潮吐。（治宜下涎）肺气盛而热。又复有风冷者。则胸满短气闷乱。喘嗽上气。（当先治
肺。后散风冷）若肺只伤风者。不胸满也。（但只散风）又肺有虚实寒热咳嗽者。并于咳嗽门论之。
肺于四时。夏相秋王。冬衰春绝。若在秋肺王之时。（日 时同）反见肝病来乘肺者。是肝强肺怯也。肺怯则
唇色白。若病而闷乱气粗。喘促气哽者难治。为肺虚损也。唇白谓肺脾病久也。脾为肺之母。母子
皆虚。不能相营也。故名曰怯。（治当补脾肺而泻其肝也）轻者肝病退则愈。重者唇白枯者死。白泽者吉。
肾脏 肾主虚。肾病无实。唯斑疮。肾实则变黑陷。余无实病。肾病虚。则身冷无精光。畏明。体骨重。
盖肾气不足。则下窜而骨重。
惟欲坠于下而缩身也。又肾属水。阴也。虚则畏明。若因他病致肾虚者非也。又肾虚者。谓本怯。由胎气不成。
精神不足。目中白睛多。面 白无光。多解颅。此皆难养。纵长不过八八之数。若恣色欲。多不及四十而亡也。
（治并当补之）肾于四时。秋相冬王。春衰夏绝。若在冬肾王之时。（夜半同）反见心病来乘肾者。是心强肾弱
也。（治当泻心而补肾）轻者心病退则愈。重者下窜不语。肾怯虚也。凡病必视其新久虚实。假令肺病又见肝
证。若切牙多欠者则易治。调肝虚不能乘肺也。若目直叫哭。项急顿闷者则难治。谓肺病久则虚。肝强而
实。反胜其肺也。虚则补其母。实则泻其子。又病必视其五脏衰王时候。参其相乘胜负虚实。其顺易治。微邪是
也。逆者难治。贼邪是也。五脏相反。随证治之。
凡病先虚。或已经下之。有合下之者。必先实其母。后下其子也。假如肺虚而痰实。此可下之证。当先益
其脾。后乃泻肺也。诸病仿此。
凡病有热者。或疏利解化之后。无虚证者。勿得用温补之。若用之。热必随生。
Liver: The Liver governs Wind. In Liver Excess patterns, symptoms include staring eyes, crying, yawning, sudden chest oppression, and neck stiffness. (Treatment should employ the draining method). In Liver Deficiency patterns, symptoms include teeth grinding, frequent yawning, and hot breath from the mouth. If wind manifests externally and the breath is warm, it indicates internally generated wind. (Treatment should employ the tonifying method). Liver Heat causes the child to rub or pick at clothes; severe heat leads to staring eyes without convulsions. Wind has the nature of movement, and Wind pathogenic factors easily cause diseases in the four extremities. Heat causes Wind to move in the extremities, hence the hands rub at clothes. Heat entering the eyes pulls on the sinews and vessels, causing both eyes to become tight and unable to rotate or gaze, resulting in staring eyes. (Treatment should drain Heart and Liver). When Wind is present in the Liver, the eyelids twitch; severe Wind causes the body to arch backward, becoming rigid but without convulsions. Both new and chronic diseases can induce Wind. Wind moves upward to the head and eyes. Since the eyes belong to the Liver, when Wind enters the eyes, the eyeballs move up, down, left, and right as if blown by the wind, neither lightly nor heavily, which the child cannot bear, causing eyelid twitching. Severe Wind enters the sinews and vessels, causing them to tighten, leading to the body arching backward and becoming rigid. (Treatment should drain the Liver and tonify the Kidney). When the Liver has both Heat and Wind, severe cases involve concurrent惊 (Fright) patterns. The absence of convulsions is because Heart Heat has not yet manifested. If Heart Heat overacts on the Liver, both the mother (Heart) and child (Liver) organs have Excess Heat. Wind and Fire contend, triggering convulsions. The pulling motion resembles wind stirring fire. (Refer to the Fright Disease section for treatment). If Liver Heat causes rubbing at clothes, accompanied by high fever, wheezing, and chest oppression due to Lung Metal overacting on Liver Wood, (treatment should drain the Lung). Regarding the Four Seasons, the Liver is Xiang (Assistant) in Winter, Wang (Prosperous) in Spring, declines in Summer, and is Jue (Extinct) in Autumn. If during the Spring season when the Liver is Prosperous, Lung disease overacts on the Liver, this indicates a Strong Lung and Weak Liver. (Treatment should drain the Lung and tonify the Kidney. Tonifying the Kidney now for Liver Deficiency works because the Mother [Water] generates the Child [Wood]. In severe cases, tonify the Liver, or tonify both Mother and Child). In mild cases, recovery occurs when the overacting Lung disease recedes. In severe cases, a pale blue color in the eyes indicates impending Fright. If redness is also present, convulsions will occur. Weakness presents with pale blue eyes; Heart Heat presents with redness, hence convulsions. Both Liver Excess and Deficiency are associated with Wind. If caused by external contraction, symptoms include yawning, sudden chest oppression, and hot breath. (Treatment should use dispersing methods). If the child eats and drinks excessively, mild purgation may be used. Otherwise, purgation is contraindicated.
Heart: The Heart governs Fright. In Heart Excess patterns, symptoms include crying, fever, desire for water, startled jumping, upward rushing movements, and convulsions. (Treatment should employ the draining method). In Heart Deficiency patterns, symptoms include restlessness while lying down, palpitations, and flaccid shaking of the limbs. (Treatment should employ the tonifying method). Both Heart Excess and Deficiency are associated with shaking. In Heart Excess, the child prefers supine position because excessive Heart Qi rises and becomes stagnant; prone sleeping obstructs Qi flow, so supine sleeping allows Qi to circulate freely. (Treatment should drain). Heart Heat is identified by hot breath, prone sleeping seeking coolness, upward rushing, and teeth grinding. Heart Heat causes chest heat; although the child cannot speak, they seek coolness, hence prone sleeping. (Treatment should clear Heat). If pathogenic Heat overacts on the Heart, it causes frightened crying. (Treatment should calm the Spirit). Regarding the Four Seasons, the Heart is Xiang in Spring, Wang in Summer, declines in Autumn, and is Jue in Winter. If during the Summer season when the Heart is Prosperous, Kidney disease overacts on the Heart, this indicates a Strong Kidney and Weak Heart. (Treatment should tonify Liver and Heart, and drain the Bladder. Draining the Bladder for Strong Kidney is based on the principle that the Kidney primarily manifests Deficiency rather than Excess; draining its Fu organ [Bladder] prevents the Zang organ from becoming hyperactive). In mild cases, recovery occurs when the overacting Kidney disease recedes. In severe cases, persistent palpitations indicate impending convulsions.
Spleen: The Spleen governs fatigue. In Spleen Excess patterns, symptoms include drowsiness, fever, desire for water, and ability to eat. (Treatment should use purgation). In Spleen Deficiency patterns, symptoms include warm body with cold limbs, vomiting, diarrhea, and generation of Wind. (Treatment should employ the tonifying method). Spleen Cold causes night crying. As Spleen belongs to Yin and Cold, pain occurs at night, causing crying. (Treatment should warm the Middle). Spleen Heat causes tongue protrusion/manipulation. Heat tightens the tongue collaterals, causing frequent extension. The child may drink water because Heat consumes fluids. (Treatment should resolve Heat). Cool purgatives should not be used. Physicians often mistakenly attribute drinking to Heat and use cool purgatives, leading to yellow complexion, emaciation, and five-palm heat, resulting in Gan accumulation. (Refer to the Gan Disease section). If tongue manipulation occurs due to major illness rather than Spleen Heat, the prognosis is ominous. Both Spleen Cold and Heat manifest as vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. Yellow vomit indicates Heat injury; green vomit indicates Cold injury. In the four seasons, Cold predominates in Autumn, Winter, and Spring, while Heat predominates in Summer.
Stomach: Stomach Heat presenting with vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and half-open eyes indicates Deficient Heat. Stomach Heat presenting with vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and closed eyes indicates Excess Heat. Chronic Stomach Deficient Heat often leads to Jaundice. Stomach Cold presents with vomiting of white foam or green water, anorexia, abdominal pain, or passage of green-white dysentery undigested grains, indicating Stomach Deficient Cold. If Stomach Deficiency and Fearfulness accompany sweating limited from the neck to the umbilicus, along with pale face, dull eyes, frequent lip pursing, cold breath, and anorexia, it indicates Stomach Disharmony. Children with immature bones and blood vessels who cry frequently from infancy suffer from "Stomach Crying." The Spleen and Stomach are Interior-Exterior paired organs and vital to life, often sharing pathology. The Spleen is Prosperous in the last month of each season. If another Zang overacts on the Spleen during its Prosperous time, it indicates Spleen Weakness. (e.g., Lung overacting in Spring, Liver overacting in Autumn). Treatment should strengthen the weak and treat according to syndrome. In mild cases, recovery occurs when the overacting Zang recedes. In severe cases, red-yellow complexion indicates Spleen Fearfulness.
Lung: The Lung governs panting. In Lung Excess patterns, symptoms include warm body, chest oppression, confusion, rapid breathing, and急促 panting. (Treatment should employ the draining method). In Lung Deficiency patterns, symptoms include fever, choking gasps, and long sighs. (Treatment should employ the tonifying method). Lung Heat causes the child to pinch eyebrows, eyes, nose, and face; severe cases involve thick saliva and hemoptysis, leading to chronic Lung Deficiency. (Treatment should tonify). Deficient Heat presents with deep red lips. (Treatment should resolve Heat). Excess presents with tidal salivation and phlegm. (Treatment should resolve phlegm). If Lung Qi is abundant with Heat and compounded by Wind-Cold, symptoms include chest fullness, shortness of breath, oppression, coughing, and rebellious Qi. (Treat the Lung first, then disperse Wind-Cold). If only Wind injures the Lung, there is no chest fullness. (Simply disperse Wind). Lung coughs of various types are discussed in the Cough section. Regarding the Four Seasons, the Lung is Xiang in Summer, Wang in Autumn, declines in Winter, and is Jue in Spring. If during the Autumn season when the Lung is Prosperous, Liver disease overacts on the Lung, this indicates Strong Liver and Weak Lung. Weak Lung presents with white lips. If accompanied by oppression, coarse breathing, and急促 panting, it is difficult to treat due to Lung deficiency. White lips indicate chronic Lung-Spleen disease. Spleen is the Mother of Lung; mutual deficiency prevents nourishment, termed "Fearfulness" (Qie). (Treatment should tonify Spleen and Lung and drain Liver). In mild cases, recovery occurs when Liver disease recedes. In severe cases, dry white lips indicate death; moist white lips indicate auspiciousness.
Kidney: The Kidney governs Deficiency. Kidney disease rarely presents as Excess, except in smallpox where excess manifests as blackening and sinking. Other Kidney conditions are Deficient. Symptoms include cold body, dull eyes, photophobia, and heavy bones/joints. Insufficient Kidney Qi causes downward rushing and heaviness, with a desire to curl up. The Kidney belongs to Water and Yin; Deficiency causes photophobia. This differs from secondary Kidney Deficiency caused by other diseases. Primary Kidney Deficiency stems from congenital weakness, incomplete fetal Qi, insufficient spirit, prominent whites of the eyes, pale lusterless face, and wide fontanelles. These children are difficult to raise and may not live past 64 years. Indulgence in sexual activity may lead to death before 40. (Treatment should tonify). Regarding the Four Seasons, the Kidney is Xiang in Autumn, Wang in Winter, declines in Spring, and is Jue in Summer. If during the Winter season when the Kidney is Prosperous, Heart disease overacts on the Kidney, this indicates Strong Heart and Weak Kidney. (Treatment should drain Heart and tonify Kidney). In mild cases, recovery occurs when Heart disease recedes. In severe cases, downward rushing and muteness indicate Kidney Fearfulness/Deficiency. All diseases must be assessed for acuity and Excess/Deficiency. If Lung disease shows Liver signs, teeth grinding and yawning indicate ease of treatment (adjusting Liver Deficiency preventing overaction). Staring, crying, and neck stiffness indicate difficulty (chronic Lung Deficiency allowing Strong Liver Excess to overact). Tonify the Mother in Deficiency, drain the Child in Excess. Assess the Five Zangs' seasonal decline/prosperity and overacting dynamics. Smooth progression is easy to treat (Minor Evil); reverse progression is difficult (Thief Evil). Treat according to syndrome.
For diseases with initial Deficiency or post-purgation states requiring purgation, first solidify the Mother, then purge the Child. For example, Lung Deficiency with Phlegm Excess requires first strengthening the Spleen, then draining the Lung. Apply this logic to all diseases.
For diseases with Heat, or after resolving/dispersing treatments without Deficiency signs, do not use warming tonics. Doing so will generate further Heat.