《圣惠》∶夫小儿在胎之时，其母挟于风热，生下之后热毒之气犹在脏腑，不得宣通。因其哺乳不节，胸膈
壅滞，则令头皮光急，发枯作穗，脑热如火，体多汗流；或头生疮，或腮虚肿。若久不瘥，损儿眼目，渐渐羸
瘦，头大项细，故谓之脑疳也。
《仙人水鉴》∶小儿三岁以下多睡卧，合面在地者，便是脑中疳气，宜服此方。
黄葵菊花最相当，二物偏宜孩子良。更入釜悬釜下墨，消石入口柏兼香。
葵花 菊花 釜下墨 消石 柏叶（各等分）
上为散吹入鼻中，永不合面卧地也。吹鼻中有恶物，似泥泄数条，即便是脑中疳气，此是杀人之本。
《神仙水鉴》∶小儿脑疳，乳母宜服此方。
柏叶 松叶 黄葵花 鼓子花 鳖甲 虎骨 槟榔 大黄（各二两）
上并生为末，与醋三升煎膏，丸如绿豆大。每日空心饮下三丸，效。
《药性论》治小儿脑疳方。
上研芦荟，不以多少为细末。每用少许吹鼻中，杀脑疳鼻中痒。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳，身热发枯。牛黄丸方
牛黄 芦荟（各细研） 熊胆（研入） 胡黄连 木香 犀角（屑。各一分） 脑
麝（各细研） 蟾酥（研入。各半分） 青黛（细研，半两）
上件药捣，罗为末，都研令匀，以面糊和丸如黄米大，每服以温水下五丸，日三服。量儿大小以意加减。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳，是胎热所为。其疾但头皮光急，头发作穗，或有疮痍，或时腮肿。若患
此疾多损眼目。宜服青黛丸方
青黛（细研） 龙胆（去芦头） 川升麻 赤茯神 川大黄（锉碎，微炒） 黄
连（去须。各半两） 蓝子 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 蜀漆（各一分）
上件药捣，罗为末，炼蜜和丸如绿豆大。每服以温水下五丸，日三服。量儿大小加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳。眼涩，多睡，惊悸，不吃奶食，黄瘦，宜服虎睛丸方
虎睛（一对，酒浸一宿，微炙） 犀角（屑） 真珠（末） 川大黄（锉碎，微炒） 栀
子仁 子芩（各半两） 麝香（半分，细研） 天竺黄 龙胆
（去芦头） 牛黄（细研。各一分） 巴豆（十枚，去皮心细，纸裹压去油）
上件药捣，罗为末，都研令匀，炼蜜和丸如麻子大。一岁儿以乳汁下一丸，日三服。儿稍大即以意加丸服之。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳久不瘥。肌体黄瘦，头面干枯，眼鼻生疮，壮热多渴。宜服化疳丸方
虾蟆（炙） 青黛（细研） 朱砂（细研，以水飞过。各半两） 谷精草（灰） 牛黄 麝
香（各细研） 木香 丁香 芦荟 犀角（屑） 羚羊
角（屑） 槟榔 胡黄连（各一分） 熊胆 腻粉（并研入） 砒黄（细黄。各半分）
上件药捣，罗为末，入研了药末，炼蜜和丸如粟米大，每一岁以粥饮下一丸，日三服。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳，羸瘦烦热。龙脑丸方
脑麝 雄黄（各一分） 胡黄连（末） 牛黄 朱砂 熊胆 芦荟 干虾蟆（灰。各一分）
上件药都研令如粉，以水化熊胆和丸如麻子大，若硬更入糯米饭同丸。每服用薄荷温汤下三丸，日三服。
量儿大小以意加减。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳，头发干立作穗，眼有白膜，鼻头有疮。通脑丁香散方
丁香 蜗牛壳（炒令黄） 赤小豆 不蛀皂角（并子。各一分）
上件药细罗为散。每取少许，以竹管子吹入鼻中，五疳悉用之。若病重者，鼻内出虫子，每日两度吹入鼻
中，良。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳，烦热，皮干瘦悴。青黛散方
青黛 兰香根 蚺蛇胆（研入） 人粪（灰） 脑麝（细研。各一分） 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 地
榆（各半两） 蜗牛子（一两，炒令黄）
上件药捣，细罗为散，都研令匀。每服以粥饮调下半钱，日三服，量儿大小以意加减。亦可用少许吹于鼻中。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳，鼻塞头痛，眼目昏暗，羞明怕日。吹鼻龙脑散方
脑麝（各细研少许） 蜗牛壳（炒令黄） 虾蟆（灰） 瓜蒂 黄连（去须） 细辛（各一分）
上件药捣，细罗为散，入瓷合内贮之，每取少许吹于鼻中，每日两上用之。
《圣惠》治小儿脑疳，鼻痒，毛发作穗，面黄羸瘦。益脑吹鼻散方
地榆（末） 虾蟆（灰） 谷精草（各一分） 青黛（半两） 干蜗牛壳（十四枚，微炒） 麝香（一分）
上件药同细研为散，以两黄米大吹入鼻中。当有黄水出为效。
《圣惠》又方
上用鲫鱼胆滴于鼻中，连三五日用之，甚效。
长沙医者郑愈传治脑疳，亦鼻下赤烂兼人中有疮方。
藜芦（末） 蟾灰 白矾 干酱（各一分）
上件为末，酥调涂鼻下等处。
*Shenghui Fang* records: When a child is in the womb, if the mother contracts wind-heat pathogenic factors, after birth the heat-toxin qi remains stagnant in the zang-fu organs and cannot be disseminated and unblocked. Due to irregular breastfeeding, stagnation occurs in the chest and diaphragm, leading to symptoms such as a shiny and tight scalp, withered hair forming tufts, brain heat feeling like fire, and excessive sweating of the body; or sores on the head, or puffy swelling of the cheeks. If not cured for a long time, it damages the eyes, gradually causing emaciation, a large head with a thin neck, hence it is called "Nao Gan" (Brain Malnutrition).
*Xianren Shuijian* records: Children under three years old who sleep a lot and prefer sleeping face down are suffering from Nao Qi (Brain Pathogenic Qi) due to Gan. This formula is suitable.
Huangkui (Abutilon Flower), Juhua (Chrysanthemum Flower) are most appropriate; these two herbs are particularly beneficial for children. Add Fuxuanmo (Soot from Cauldron Bottom), Xiaoshi (Natrii Sulfas), Baiye (Cupressi Cacumen), and Xiang (Styrax).
[Herbs]: Kuihua (Abutilon Flower), Juhua (Chrysanthemum Flower), Fuxuanmo (Soot from Cauldron Bottom), Xiaoshi (Natrii Sulfas), Baiye (Cupressi Cacumen) (equal parts)
Grind the above into powder and insufflate into the nose. The child will no longer sleep face down. Insufflation will expel foul matter resembling mud discharge in strips; this indicates Brain Gan Qi, which is the root cause being eliminated.
*Shenxian Shuijian* records: For treating pediatric Nao Gan, the nursing mother should take this formula.
[Herbs]: Baiye (Cupressi Cacumen), Songye (Pinus Needle), Huangkuihua (Abutilon Flower), Guzihua (Ipomoea Flower), Biejia (Trionycis Carapax), Huguj (Tigostis Os), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (each 2 liang)
Grind all raw materials into powder, decoct with 3 sheng of vinegar to make a paste, and form pills the size of mung beans. Take 3 pills orally with warm water on an empty stomach daily; effective.
*Yaoxing Lun* records a formula for treating pediatric Nao Gan.
Grind Lulü (Aloe) into fine powder, quantity unspecified. Use a small amount to insufflate into the nose to relieve nasal itching caused by Brain Gan.
*Shenghui Fang* records Niuhuang Wan (Calculus Bovis Pill) for treating pediatric Nao Gan accompanied by fever and withered hair.
[Herbs]: Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Lulü (Aloe) (each finely ground), Xiongdan (Ursi Fel), Huhuanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Xijiao (Rhino Ceratoss) (shavings, each 1 fen), Naoshe (Moschus), Chan Su (Toad Venom) (each finely ground, half 1 fen), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) (finely ground, 0.5 liang)
Pound the above medicines, sieve into powder, mix evenly, and bind with wheat paste to form pills the size of millet grains. Administer 5 pills per dose with warm water, three times daily. Adjust dosage according to the child's age and condition.
*Shenghui Fang* records Qingdai Wan (Indigo Naturalis Pill) for treating pediatric Nao Gan caused by fetal heat. Symptoms include shiny/tight scalp, hair tufts, sores, or intermittent cheek swelling. Prolonged illness often damages the eyes.
[Herbs]: Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) (finely ground), Longdan (Gentianae Radix) (remove rhizome), Chuan Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chi Fushen (Poria with Red Heart), Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (cut, lightly stir-fried), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (remove roots, each 0.5 liang), Lanzhi (Isatidis Folium/Seed pod?), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (honey-fried until slightly red, cut), Shuqi (Perillae Folium) (each 1 fen)
Pound the above medicines, sieve into powder, bind with refined honey to form pills the size of mung beans. Administer 5 pills per dose with warm water, three times daily. Adjust dosage according to the child's age.
*Shenghui Fang* records Hu Jing Wan (Tiger Eye Pill) for treating pediatric Nao Gan with symptoms of dry eyes, excessive sleep, palpitations, refusal to feed, yellowish complexion, and emaciation.
[Herbs]: Hu Jing (Tiger Eye) (one pair, soaked in wine overnight, lightly roasted), Xijiao (Rhino Ceratoss) (shavings), Zhenzhu (Margarita), Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (cut, lightly stir-fried), Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen), Zixin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 0.5 liang), Shexiang (Moschus) (half 1 fen, finely ground), Tianzhuhuang (Calami Tuber), Longdan (Gentianae Radix) (remove rhizome), Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis) (finely ground, each 1 fen), Badou (Crotonis Fructus) (10 seeds, peel and remove heart, grind finely, press between paper to remove oil)
Pound the above medicines, sieve into powder, mix evenly, bind with refined honey to form pills the size of hemp seeds. For one-year-olds, administer 1 pill with milk, three times daily. For older children, adjust the number of pills accordingly.
*Shenghui Fang* records Hua Gan Wan (Resolve Malnutrition Pill) for chronic pediatric Nao Gan with emaciated yellow muscles, dry head/face, sores in eyes/nose, high fever, and thirst.
[Herbs]: Xama (Bufo Toad) (roasted), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) (finely ground), Zhusha (Cinnabar) (finely ground, water-washed, each 0.5 liang), Gujingcao (Eriocauli Flos), Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Shexiang (Moschus) (each finely ground), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Lulü (Aloe), Xijiao (Rhino Ceratoss) (shavings), Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu) (shavings), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Huhuanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (each 1 fen), Xiongdan (Ursi Fel), Nin Fen (Calomelas) (all ground together), Pi Huang (Arsenic Yellow) (fine yellow, each half 1 fen)
Pound the above medicines, sieve into powder, add the pre-ground ingredients, bind with refined honey to form pills the size of millet grains. For each year of age, administer 1 pill with rice gruel, three times daily.
*Shenghui Fang* records Naohuang Wan (Borneol Pill) for pediatric Nao Gan with emaciation and irritability/heat.
[Herbs]: Naoshe (Moschus), Xionghuang (Realgar) (each 1 fen), Huhuanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (powder), Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Zhusha (Cinnabar), Xiongdan (Ursi Fel), Lulü (Aloe), Gan Xama (Bufo Toad Ash) (each 1 fen)
Grind all medicines into powder. Dissolve Xiongdan (Ursi Fel) in water to bind into pills the size of hemp seeds. If too hard, add glutinous rice paste. Administer 3 pills per dose with mint-infused warm water, three times daily. Adjust dosage according to the child's age.
*Shenghui Fang* records Tong Nao Dingxiang San (Unblock Brain Clove Powder) for pediatric Nao Gan with dry standing hair tufts, white membrane in eyes, and sores on the nose tip.
[Herbs]: Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Woniu Ke (Cochleae Concha) (stir-fried until yellow), Chixiaodou (Phaseoli Semen Rubrum), Bu Zhu Zhaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina) (with seeds, each 1 fen)
Sieve the above medicines into fine powder. Take a small amount and insufflate into the nose using a bamboo tube. This applies to all five types of Gan. If severe, worms may be expelled from the nose. Insufflate twice daily; effective.
*Shenghui Fang* records Qingdai San (Indigo Naturalis Powder) for pediatric Nao Gan with irritability, dry skin, and emaciation.
[Herbs]: Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), Lanxiang Gen (Lysimachiae Herba Root), Ran She Dan (Python Gallbladder) (ground), Ren Fen (Human Excrement Ash), Naoshe (Moschus) (finely ground, each 1 fen), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (honey-fried until slightly red, cut), Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix) (each 0.5 liang), Woniu Zi (Cochleae Concha) (1 liang, stir-fried until yellow)
Pound the above medicines, sieve into fine powder, mix evenly. Administer half a qian mixed with rice gruel per dose, three times daily. Adjust dosage according to the child's age. Alternatively, insufflate a small amount into the nose.
*Shenghui Fang* records Naohuang San (Borneol Powder for Insufflation) for pediatric Nao Gan with nasal congestion, headache, dim vision, photophobia, and aversion to sunlight.
[Herbs]: Naoshe (Moschus) (small amount, finely ground), Woniu Ke (Cochleae Concha) (stir-fried until yellow), Xama (Bufo Toad Ash), Gadi (Momordicae Fructus), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (remove roots), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 fen)
Pound the above medicines, sieve into fine powder, store in a porcelain container. Insufflate a small amount into the nose twice daily (morning and evening).
*Shenghui Fang* records Yi Nao Chuibi San (Benefit Brain Nasal Insufflation Powder) for pediatric Nao Gan with nasal itching, hair tufts, yellow emaciated complexion.
[Herbs]: Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix) (powder), Xama (Bufo Toad Ash), Gujingcao (Eriocauli Flos) (each 1 fen), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) (0.5 liang), Gan Woniu Ke (Dried Cochleae Concha) (14 shells, lightly stir-fried), Shexiang (Moschus) (1 fen)
Grind all together into powder. Insufflate an amount the size of two millet grains into the nose. Effect is indicated by the discharge of yellow fluid.
*Shenghui Fang* Another Formula:
Apply Crucian Carp Gallbladder juice to the nose. Use continuously for 3-5 days; very effective.
Zheng Yu, a physician from Changsha, transmitted a formula for treating Nao Gan, also addressing redness/ulceration under the nose and sores on the philtrum.
[Herbs]: Lilü (Veratris Radix) (powder), Chan Hui (Toad Ash), Baifan (Alumen), Gan Jiang (Dry Fermented Soybean Paste) (each 1 fen)
Grind into powder, mix with butter/lard, and apply to the area under the nose and other affected sites.