（辨色分注附）
察儿形色，先分部位（欲辨形之强弱坚脆，色之夭泽枯荣，必先分上下左右之部，定五行四象之位，然后按部
察色，以定证之安危。）左颊青龙属肝，右颊白虎属肺（经曰∶左右者，阴阳之道路也。盖五行之位，木旺在卯，金
旺在酉，天地之气，阳从左升，阴从右降，故以左颊配肝，右颊配肺。非谓左颊即是肝，右颊即是肺，无过以生
杀之理，配木金龙虎之位，以候其脏气之强弱耳。）天庭高而离阳心火，地角低而坎阴肾水（《周易》以东震西兑、
南离北坎，定子午卯酉之四正。盖后天之用，有形者无不由之，故以心配离南之午火子天庭，肾配坎北之子水于
地角，亦阳上阴下之义。第据其理而言之，非谓额上即心，唇下即肾，窃笑幼科未识渊源，刻舟求剑，未可向痴
人说梦也。）鼻在面中，脾应唇际（《内经》以鼻为面王，以其位居正中，内通呼吸，先死赖之，所以谓之中也。脾
为中土，经曰∶中央黄色，入通于脾，开窍于口。又曰∶脾胃者，仓禀之本，其华在唇四白。故曰脾应唇际，亦
中州受纳之地也。或问既五脏之经
脉未行于面，何以又从面部而察五脏之证，能无幻耶？曰∶望色察证，《内经》之传，第轩岐峻大圣天人之学，
后世莫能效法，所以据五行四象，列以部位，使望色者有所凭根据耳。又曰∶布列虽按五行，恐五内之气不应，奈
之何哉？曰∶五脏之脉实未行于面，而藏象论曰∶十二经脉，三百六十五络，其气血皆上于面而走空窍。盖
人上下九窍，而七窍在面，目二、耳二、鼻二、口一，故目为肝窍，耳为肾窍，鼻为肺窍，口为脾窍，舌为心
窍。有此诸窍，而后三百六十五络之气，皆通于面，故曰气血走空窍。由是按部察色，以决其吉凶，亦犹方脉
之两手六部，分左心小肠肝胆肾，右肺大肠脾胃命。夫两手唯一肺脉耳，他脏何涉？亦前哲按八卦方位，以手太
阴一经巧分六部，以候十二经脏气之盛衰。然则脉之隐微莫睹者，尚可候其成败，而色之一望显然者，独不可
推其吉凶乎？医理至微，后之贤者幸毋忽略。）红色见而热痰壅盛，青色露而肝风怔悸（此概言通面之色，通面为
足阳明胃经所主。胃经郁热，面必淡红，热搏津液，定化为痰而壅滞；风邪冲并，面必见青，心神不安，则为怔
忡惊悸。）如煤之黑为痛，中恶逆传；似橘之黄食伤，脾虚吐利（面见黧黑，至凶之候，幸而暴病乍见，实为中恶
之征。偶因恶毒之气，从鼻而入，肺先受之，阻遏正气，隧道不通，所以腹痛，邪盛不能自出，反致子乘母位
而逆传，如肺传脾，脾传心者是也。橘黄，言其深黄也。脾司运化，乳食不停，何黄之有？由其运化失职，所
以食填太阴，脾气凝滞，故深黄上面，必致有吐泻之虞。）白乃疳痨，紫为热炽（白属肺气虚，子伤累母，所以脾
必困而为疳，紫为风热炽，经络受邪，定化为壮热而不已，）青遮日角难医，黑掩太阳不治（此下逐部分言之。诸
书皆误为口角，不知面部无口角之位，不但无此位，证亦全不符。盖小儿中气强者，唇不变色；中气虚寒者，
十有九青，此为常候，非难医之证。今正之，日角，左额也。犹日之东升而
为青色遮蔽，为木蔽阳光，病则必有疑难之虑。太阳，左右两额也。太阳为众阳之宗，属火旺夏，气色宜红，
今黑色掩映，将有水来克火之象，定见伤残，故曰不治。）年寿赤光，多生脓血；山根青黑，每多灾异（年寿，鼻
梁也，为气之门户。赤光侵位，肺必受伤，气不流行，则血必凝滞，将有脓血之灾。山根，足阳明胃脉所起。
大凡小儿脾胃无伤，则山根之脉不现；倘乳食过度，胃气抑郁，则青黑之纹，横截于山根之位，必有延绵啾唧，
故曰灾异。）朱雀贯于双瞳，火入水乡；青龙达于四白，肝乘肺位（朱雀，赤脉也；双瞳，肾水也。赤脉贯瞳，火
乘水位，治宜泻心补肾。青龙，肝木也；四白，肺金也。白珠见青，肝风侵肺。治宜保肺平肝。）泻痢而戴阳须
防，咳嗽而拖蓝可忌（泻属脾病，痢属肾病。脾肾两脏既伤，先后二天并弱，面宜憔悴，今反面见红赤，知为虚
阳上泛，故曰须防。咳嗽，肺病也。青者，肝色也。由其肺气已虚，肝无所畏，木乘金位，恐其生火以克金，
故曰可忌。）疼痛方殷，面青而唇口撮；肝风欲发，面赤而目窜视（疼痛，腹痛也。寒气侵脾，五内无火，一派阴
冷，阻抑阳和，故面青而唇撮也。窜视，目直视也。幼科指为肝病，其实太阳经本证。盖太阳之脉系目上纲，
血虚受寒，则上纲紧急，故目直视。今指为肝气，必用风药耗其津液，反成不救，能知养血，其病自瘳。）火光
焰焰，外感风寒，金气浮浮，中藏积滞（通面火光，风寒伤胃，阳明拂郁，表未解也；黄色满面，食伤脾也，运
化无功，久成积也。）乍黄乍白，疳积连绵；又赤又青，风邪 （黄为脾虚，白为肺弱，脾肺俱伤，无气以运，
乳食难消，轻则为积，久则为疳；赤为火色，青为风色，风火相乘，荣血枯燥，筋脉牵强，甚则搐搦而为痉矣。）
气乏囟门成坑，血衰头毛作穗（小儿禀受精髓不足者，平日脑髓未充，赖气以充之，今大病之后，中气下陷，安
保其囟不成坑耶？发乃血之余，血荣则发黑，今头毛如草之颖，知其荣血枯焦也。）
肝气眼生眵泪，脾冷流涎滞颐（眼属肝，肝气实则眵干硬，肝气虚则眵胶粘。寒伤肝则泪冷，热伤肝则泪热。脾主
涎，脾气虚冷，不能收摄，故津液妄泄而滞于颐间，误为脾热，祸不旋踵。）面目虚浮，定腹胀而上喘；眉目频蹙，
必腹痛而多啼（脾肺两虚，中宫寒肃，以致气不归源，反逆血之上，则上气喘急，面目虚浮，因知其内必腹胀。小
儿知识未开，于七情六欲毫不相关，何频蹙之有？亦因脏寒腹痛，所以不时啼叫，面频蹙不乐也。）左右两颊似青
黛，知为客忤，风气两池如黄土，无乃伤脾（左右两颊俱青，客忤之证。由小儿神气怯弱，阳和未充，外邪客气，
得以乘之，从鼻而入，忤其正气，则口吐青黄白沫，面色变异不常，腹痛喘急者是也。风池、气池，眉上眼下也。
风池属肝，气池属胃，如黄土之色，由木胜土复，所以真脏色见。）风门黑主疝，青为风；方广光滑吉，昏暗危（风
门，耳前也，少阳经所主，黑则为寒为疝，青则为燥为风，方广，眉棱也，亦少阳所主，光亮则吉，昏暗则危。）
手如数物兮，肝风将发；面若涂朱兮，心火燃眉（邪热伤神，手如数物，谓十指屈伸不定，如数物之状。速宜疏解
热邪，断无肝风之发。淡红为阳明胃经表热，深红为少阴心经里热，面若涂朱，知为心热，心不可泻，惟泻小肠，
丙火一清，丁火自息。）坐卧爱暖，风寒之入；伸缩就冷，烦躁何疑（凡小儿偎入母怀，藏头密隐，欲人怀抱者，必
恶风寒也。由风寒初入，未能化热，所以坐卧爱暖。邪已入里，则掀衣揭覆，扬手露面，偃胸仰卧，口渴躁烦。
由其内外皆热，所以欲就清凉。）肚大脚小，脾欲困而成疳；目瞪口张，势似危而必毙（脾不运化而肚大，肌肉消削
而脚小，盖脾主肌肉。由其乳食失节，所以脾困而成疳。膀胱绝而目瞪，脾气绝而口张，其势已危，必无可生之
理。）噫！五体以头为尊，一面惟神可恃，况声之轻重不同，啼之干湿顿异。呵欠连绵，知病之欲作；忽然惊叫，
识火之将炜。此察证之规绳，幸拳拳
而不谆（头为元首，故以为尊。面分五位，惟神是赖，神存则生，神亡则死，盖指眼光而言也。况声有轻重，啼有
干湿，安得无辨？凡声微者，知其气不足；声壮者，知其气有余。哭而无泪者实，哭而多泪者虚。呵欠连绵，
为阴阳交引，升降不前，知其病之将至；忽然大叫，则知火热扰神，必有壮热之证。倘能根据此辨证，亦犹工之
有规矩，乐之有六律，是则是效，是究是图，自不致有望洋之叹矣。）
(Annotations on Differentiating Colors)
Observing a child's physical form and facial complexion requires first distinguishing the locations (to differentiate the strength, robustness, fragility of the form, and whether the complexion is premature aging or luster, withered or flourishing, one must first divide the upper, lower, left, and right regions, determine the positions of the Five Elements and Four Symbols, and then inspect the color according to these regions to ascertain the safety or danger of the syndrome). The left cheek corresponds to the Azure Dragon and belongs to the Liver (The classics state: Left and right are the pathways of Yin and Yang. Regarding the positions of the Five Elements, Wood is prosperous at Mao [East], Metal is prosperous at You [West]. Heaven and Earth's Qi ascends from the left as Yang and descends from the right as Yin; thus, the left cheek is associated with the Liver and the right cheek with the Lung. This does not mean the left cheek *is* the Liver or the right cheek *is* the Lung, but rather uses the principle of generation and destruction to align with the positions of Wood, Metal, Azure Dragon, and White Tiger, to observe the strength or weakness of the Zang organ Qi). The Tian Ting (Heavenly Court/Forehead) is high and corresponds to Li Fire of the Heart (Yang), while the Di Jiao (Earth Corner/Chin area) is low and corresponds to Kan Water of the Kidney (Yin) (The *I Ching* uses Zhen [East], Dui [West], Li [South], and Kan [North] to define the four cardinal positions Zi, Wu, Mao, and You. In post-heaven application, all tangible things follow this pattern; thus, the Heart is associated with Li South/Wu Fire located at the Tian Ting, and the Kidney with Kan North/Zi Water located at the Di Jiao, reflecting the meaning of Yang above and Yin below. Speaking theoretically, this does not mean the forehead *is* the Heart or the area below the lips *is* the Kidney. I privately mock pediatricians who, unaware of their origins, act like those carving a mark on a moving boat to find their sword—such rigid thinking cannot be explained to the ignorant). The nose is in the center of the face, and the Spleen corresponds to the area around the lips (The *Neijing* calls the nose the "King of the Face" because it is centrally located, internally connects to respiration, and sustains life, hence called "Center." The Spleen belongs to Central Earth. The classics say: Central Yellow enters and communicates with the Spleen, opening into the mouth. It also states: The Stomach and Spleen are the root of the granary, their flourishing manifests in the white skin around the lips. Thus, the Spleen corresponds to the lip area, which is also the land of Central Zhou receiving and transforming. One might ask: Since the meridians of the Five Zang do not directly traverse the face, why inspect Zang syndromes via facial color? Is this not illusory? The answer is: Observing color to diagnose syndromes is a transmission of the *Neijing*. However, the profound wisdom of Xuanyuan and Qibo, representing the unity of Heaven and Humanity, is beyond imitation by later generations. Therefore, they established positions based on the Five Elements and Four Symbols so that observers have a basis for reference. Another question: Although arranged by the Five Elements, what if the Qi of the internal organs does not correspond? The answer: While the meridians of the Five Zang do not directly run on the face, the *Treatise on Zang Images* states: The twelve meridians and three hundred sixty-five collaterals, their Qi and Blood all ascend to the face and travel through the orifices. Humans have nine orifices above and below, seven of which are on the face: two eyes, two ears, two nostrils, and one mouth. Thus, the eyes are the orifice of the Liver, ears of the Kidney, nose of the Lung, mouth of the Spleen, and tongue of the Heart. With these orifices, the Qi of the three hundred sixty-five collaterals all connect to the face, hence "Qi and Blood travel through the orifices." Therefore, observing color by region to judge auspiciousness or misfortune is akin to pulse diagnosis at the six positions of both hands: Left hand monitors Heart, Small Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Kidney; Right hand monitors Lung, Large Intestine, Spleen, Stomach, Mingmen. Actually, there is only one Lung meridian in the hands; how do other organs relate? This is also how ancient sages used the Bagua positions to cleverly divide the Hand Taiyin Lung meridian into six parts to monitor the prosperity or decline of the Twelve Meridians and Zang organs. If subtle pulses can be monitored for success or failure, why can't obvious colors be deduced for good or ill? Medical principles are extremely subtle; future virtuous practitioners should not neglect them.) Red appearance indicates abundant Heat-Phlegm; Blue/Green exposure indicates Liver Wind causing palpitations (This generally refers to the overall facial color, governed by the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. If Stomach Meridian has stagnant Heat, the face will be pale red; Heat combing with fluids transforms them into Phlegm causing obstruction; if Wind pathogen attacks, the face shows green, and the Heart Spirit becomes unsettled, leading to palpitations and fright.) Black like coal indicates pain and reverse transmission of Zhong-E (Severe Poison); Orange-yellow indicates Food Injury and Spleen Deficiency with vomiting/diarrhea (A dark black complexion is an extremely ominous sign. Fortunately, if seen suddenly in acute illness, it is actually a sign of Zhong-E. Accidentally, toxic Qi enters via the nose, affecting the Lung first, obstructing righteous Qi and blocking the meridians, causing abdominal pain. When evil Qi is too strong to exit spontaneously, it reverses and transmits via the "Child affecting Mother" mechanism, e.g., Lung transmitting to Spleen, Spleen to Heart. "Orange-yellow" refers to deep yellow. The Spleen governs transformation; if milk/food does not stagnate, why would there be yellow? Due to failed transformation, food fills the Taiyin, Spleen Qi stagnates, causing deep yellow on the face, risking vomiting and diarrhea.) White indicates Gan accumulation and consumption; Purple indicates blazing Heat (White belongs to Lung Qi deficiency; damaging the Son affects the Mother, so the Spleen becomes troubled, leading to Gan syndrome. Purple indicates blazing Wind-Heat; when meridians are invaded by pathogens, it inevitably turns into persistent high fever.) Green covering the Ri Jiao (Sun Angle/Left Forehead) is difficult to cure; Black masking the Tai Yang (Temporal Area) is incurable (Here, each part is discussed individually. Most books mistakenly refer to the corner of the mouth, not knowing there is no such position on the face, nor do symptoms match. Generally, children with strong Middle Qi have unchanged lip color; those with deficient/cold Middle Qi turn green 90% of the time, which is normal, not difficult to treat. Correcting this: Ri Jiao is the left forehead. Like the sun rising being obscured by green, it represents Wood obscuring Sunlight; illness implies difficulty. Tai Yang refers to both temples. Tai Yang is the chief of all Yang, associated with Fire prosperous in Summer, with a reddish hue expected. Now, black masks it, suggesting Water overcoming Fire, indicating injury/death, hence "incurable.") Red glow at Nian Shou (Nose Bridge) often leads to pus/blood; Cyan-black at Shan Gen (Root of Nose) often brings disaster (Nian Shou is the nasal bridge, the gateway of Qi. Red light invading this position injures the Lung; if Qi does not flow, Blood stagnates, leading to pus/blood disasters. Shan Gen is the starting point of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. Usually, if a child's Spleen/Stomach is uninjured, Shan Gen vessels are not visible. If overfed, Stomach Qi depresses, causing cyan-black lines across Shan Gen, indicating lingering ailments, hence "disaster.") Zhu Que (Vermilion Bird/Red vessels) piercing the pupils indicates Fire entering Water Region; Qing Long (Azure Dragon/Liver Wood) reaching Si Bai (Sclera/White of Eye) indicates Liver attacking Lung Position (Zhu Que refers to red vessels; pupils represent Kidney Water. Red vessels piercing pupils means Fire attacking Water position; treatment should drain Heart and tonify Kidney. Qing Long refers to Liver Wood; Si Bai refers to Lung Metal. Green on the white of the eye indicates Liver Wind invading Lung. Treatment should protect Lung and calm Liver.) Diarrhea/Dysentery with Dai Yang (Floating Yang) requires caution; Cough with Tuo Lan (Dragging Blue/Green) is taboo (Diarrhea belongs to Spleen disease, Dysentery to Kidney disease. Both Spleen and Kidney injured, Pre- and Post-heaven weakened, complexion should be haggard. Now seeing red instead indicates floating deficient Yang, hence "caution." Cough is Lung disease. Green is Liver color. Since Lung Qi is deficient, Liver has nothing to fear, Wood attacks Metal, fearing it will generate Fire to overcome Metal, hence "taboo.") Severe pain presents with green face and puckered lips/mouth; impending Liver Wind presents with red face and wandering gaze (Pain refers to abdominal pain. Cold pathogen invades Spleen, internal organs lack Fire, presenting as cold/yin, suppressing Yang harmony, causing green face and puckered lips. Wandering gaze refers to staring straight ahead. Pediatricians attribute this to Liver disease, but it is actually the primary syndrome of the Taiyang Meridian. The Taiyang meridian connects to the upper eyelid; blood deficiency with cold invasion causes tension in the upper lid, leading to staring. Attributing this to Liver Qi and using wind-dispersing drugs consumes fluids, leading to untreatable conditions. Knowing to nourish Blood cures the disease naturally.) Flaming fire-like glow indicates external contraction of Wind-Cold; Floating metal-like qi indicates internal accumulation/stagnation (Full-face fiery glow indicates Wind-Cold injuring Stomach, Yangming depression, exterior unresolved; full-face yellow indicates Food Injury to Spleen, failed transformation, long-term accumulation.) Alternating yellow and white indicates continuous Gan accumulation; Red mixed with green indicates Wind Pathogen (Yellow indicates Spleen deficiency, White indicates Lung weakness. Both Spleen and Lung injured, lacking Qi to transform, milk/food hard to digest; mild cases become accumulation, chronic cases become Gan. Red is Fire color, Green is Wind color. Wind and Fire combine, drying Ying/Blood, tensing sinews/channels, potentially leading to spasms/tetanus.) Lack of Qi causes sunken fontanelle; Blood deficiency causes hair resembling tassels (Children with insufficient congenital essence/jiaojing have underfilled brain marrow, relying on Qi to fill it. After severe illness, Middle Qi sinks, how can the fontanelle not sink? Hair is the surplus of Blood; flourishing Blood makes hair black. Hair resembling grass tassels indicates dried-up Ying/Blood.) Liver Qi excess causes eye discharge/tears; Spleen cold causes drooling pooling at chin (Eyes belong to Liver. Liver Qi excess causes dry/hard discharge; deficiency causes sticky discharge. Cold injuring Liver causes cold tears; Heat injuring Liver causes hot tears. Spleen governs saliva. Spleen Qi deficiency/cold fails to control, causing saliva to leak and pool at the chin. Mistaking this for Spleen Heat brings immediate disaster.) Puffy face/eyes indicate abdominal distension and upward panting; Frequent frowning indicates abdominal pain and frequent crying (Spleen/Lung dual deficiency, central palace cold/stern, causing Qi to fail returning to source, reversing upward with Blood, leading to rapid breathing, puffy face/eyes, indicating internal abdominal distension. Children lack cognitive development, unrelated to emotions, so why frown? Due to cold viscera and abdominal pain, they cry frequently, frowning unhappily.) Bilateral cheeks like indigo indicate Ke Wu (Guest Fright); Wind/Qi pools like loess soil indicate Spleen injury (Bilateral green cheeks indicate Ke Wu syndrome. Due to weak spirit and unfulfilled Yang harmony, external evil/qi invades via nose, offending righteous Qi, causing spitting of blue/yellow/white foam, changing facial colors, abdominal pain, panting. Feng Chi and Qi Chi are above eyebrows/below eyes. Feng Chi belongs to Liver, Qi Chi to Stomach. Loess color results from Wood overcoming Earth, revealing true Zang color.) Black at Feng Men indicates Hernia; Green indicates Wind; Square/broad/smooth is auspicious; Dim/dark is critical (Feng Men is anterior to ear, governed by Shaoyang. Black indicates Cold/Hernia, Green indicates Dryness/Wind. Fang Guang refers to eyebrow ridge, also Shaoyang. Bright is auspicious, dim is critical.) Hands counting objects suggests impending Liver Wind; Face like vermilion paint suggests Heart Fire burning brows (Evil heat damages Spirit. "Hands counting objects" means fingers flexing/extending irregularly like counting. Quickly resolve heat pathogen; Liver Wind will not emerge. Pale red is Exterior Heat of Yangming Stomach Meridian; deep red is Interior Heat of Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Face like vermilion indicates Heart Heat. Heart cannot be drained directly; drain Small Intestine instead. Once Bing Fire clears, Ding Fire extinguishes naturally.) Sitting/lying preferring warmth indicates Wind-Cold entry; Stretching/reaching for cold indicates irritability without doubt (Children snuggling into mother's arms, hiding heads, wanting hugs, dislike Wind-Cold. Initial Wind-Cold hasn't transformed to Heat, so they prefer warmth. Once pathogen enters interior, they throw off covers, expose hands/face, lie supine, thirst, irritate. Internal/external Heat makes them seek coolness.) Big belly/small legs indicate Spleen trouble turning to Gan; Staring eyes/open mouth indicate critical condition leading to death (Big belly due to Spleen failure to transform; small legs due to muscle wasting, as Spleen governs muscles. Irregular feeding troubles Spleen, leading to Gan. Bladder exhaustion causes staring; Spleen exhaustion causes open mouth. Condition critical, no hope of survival.) Ah! Among the five body parts, the head is supreme; on the face, only Shen (Spirit) can be relied upon. Moreover, voices differ in weight/lightness, cries differ in wet/dry. Continuous yawning indicates impending illness; sudden startled cry identifies approaching Fire. These are the rules for diagnosing syndromes; hopefully, practiced diligently and repeatedly (Head is chief, hence supreme. Face divided into five regions, relying on Shen. Shen exists = life; Shen lost = death, referring to eye expression. Voices vary in volume, cries in moisture, how can we not distinguish? Soft voice indicates Qi deficiency; strong voice indicates Qi excess. Crying without tears indicates Excess; crying with many tears indicates Deficiency. Continuous yawning is Yin-Yang interaction, ascending/descending stalled, indicating impending illness. Sudden loud cry indicates Fire/Heat disturbing Spirit,必有 high fever. If one diagnoses based on this, it is like craftsmen having compass/square, musicians having six pitches. Following this ensures success, avoiding the sigh of being overwhelmed by vastness.)