巢元方曰。儿初生。口里白屑满舌上。如鹅之口。故名。由在胎时受谷气盛。心脾热气熏发于口。治法。用发缠指
头。蘸井花水揩拭之。睡时。黄丹 。出火气。掺舌上。如用此法不效。敷保命散。
李 曰。噤口风者眼闭。啼声渐少。舌上聚肉如粟米状。吮乳不得。口吐血沫。二便皆通。此胎中热毒流于心脾也。
此症亦初生七八日内患之。
鳌按。鹅口疮。用硼砂细研敷之。立效。
王肯堂曰。茅先生论。儿喉中壅一块肉瘤闭却。为喉痹。身大热。舌硬不转。为木舌。口闭。满口黄如膏。名鹅口。
三症皆热甚生风。风壅热毒至此。为实热。先用三解牛黄散。微与通利。次用天竺黄散、共牛黄膏与服。如喉响似锯。
及眼直视。面青黑。不乳食者。死。
孙思邈曰。脐风者。断脐之后。被水湿风冷所乘。风湿之气入于脐。而流入心脾。遂令肚腹胀满。脐肿。身体重着。
四肢柔直。日夜多啼。不能食乳。甚则发为惊搐。若脐边青黑。撮口不开。是为内搐。不治。爪甲黑者即死。
朱震亨曰。初生七日内。见噤口撮口脐风三症者危。百日内见此症。手足蜷者。亦不治。
曾氏曰。如禀赋充实。发热有痰。惊搐。投黑白饮、温蜜汤。空心调下。微泄似茶褐色二三行。进白芍药汤加姜枣。
常用此法。亦妙。
脐突一症。又非脐风。此亦因初生洗浴。系脐不紧。秽水浸入于内。产后旬日外。脐忽光浮如吹。捻动微响。间或惊悸
作啼。治用白芍药汤加苡仁。次以外消散涂贴。自然平夏。
陈无择曰。小儿初生一七日内。忽患脐风撮口。百无一效。坐视
其死。良可悯也。有一法世罕知者。凡患此症。看儿齿龈上有小泡子如粟米。以温水蘸熟帛裹连 指。轻轻擦破。即开
口便
安。不药神效。
李 曰。断脐后。为风湿所乘。或尿湿 裙。遂成脐风。面赤喘急。啼声不出。其症脐肿凸。腹胀满。日夜多啼。
不能乳。甚则发搐。撮口噤口。宜调气益黄散。甚者金乌散或宣风散。亦有热在胸堂。伸引努气。亦令脐肿发风。千金
龙胆汤。
钱乙曰。脐湿肿者。断脐后为水湿所伤。或入风冷。致令四肢不和。脐肿多啼。不能乳哺。宜柏墨散、五通膏。
滑伯仁曰。婴儿脐中肿湿。经久不瘥。若至百日。即死。宜速治之。用枯矾龙骨为末。入麝少许。拭脐干掺之。须
避风。
巢元方曰。脐疮者。水入脐中。或受尿湿。肿烂成疮。或解脱为风所袭。入于经络。则成风痫。若脐肿不干。久则
发搐。宜金黄散。
王汉东曰。断脐作疮。枯矾龙骨 当归末皆可掺。或油调敷之。
李仲南曰。脐突者。芽儿有热在胸堂。则频频伸引。呃呃作声。努胀其气。抑入根本之中。所以脐突肿赤。虚大可
畏。无识之人。将谓断脐不利而使然者。非也。此由胎中母多惊悸。或恣食热毒之物所致。宜对症与药。其热自散。其
脐归本。不必敷药。恐反为害。
Chao Yuanfang stated: When a newborn infant is born, white flakes fill the mouth and cover the tongue, resembling the beak of a goose; hence the name. This occurs because during gestation, the "grain qi" (nutritive energy from food) was excessive, causing heat from the Heart and Spleen to steam upward and manifest in the mouth. The treatment method is to wrap silk thread around a finger, dip it in well water drawn at dawn, and wipe the affected area. Before sleep, sprinkle Huangdan (Red Lead Oxide, processed by firing to remove its fire toxicity) onto the tongue. If this method is ineffective, apply Baoming San (Life-Preserving Powder).
Li stated: Jin Kou Feng (Jammed-Mouth Wind) is characterized by closed eyes, gradually diminishing crying sounds, flesh aggregates on the tongue resembling millet grains, inability to suckle milk, vomiting of bloody froth, and patent urination and defecation. This results from fetal heat-toxin flowing into the Heart and Spleen. This condition also manifests within seven to eight days after birth.
Shen Jinao noted: For E Kou Chuang (Goose-Mouth Ulcer), finely grinding Pengsha (Borax) and applying it to the lesion yields immediate effect.
Wang Kentang cited Mr. Mao's discussion: If a mass of flesh obstructs the infant's throat, it is called Hou Bi (Throat Obstruction); if accompanied by high fever and a stiff, immobile tongue, it is called Mu She (Wood Tongue); if the mouth is closed with a yellow, paste-like coating covering the entire mouth, it is called E Kou (Goose Mouth). All three conditions arise from extreme heat generating wind, where wind stagnates heat-toxin, constituting an Excess-Heat syndrome. Initially, use Sanjie Niuhuang San (Three-Resolving Calculus Bovis Powder) with mild purgatives to promote bowel movement, followed by Tianzhu Huang San (Tian Zhu Huang Powder) and Gong Niuhuang Gao (Common Calculus Bovis Ointment). If the throat makes a sound like sawing, the eyes stare fixedly, the face turns blue-black, and the infant refuses milk, death ensues.
Sun Simiao stated: Qi Feng (Umbilical Wind) occurs after umbilical cord separation when exposed to dampness, wind, and cold. Damp-wind pathogens enter the umbilicus and flow into the Heart and Spleen, causing abdominal distension, umbilical swelling, heavy body sensation, rigid limbs, constant crying day and night, and inability to suckle. In severe cases, it develops into convulsions. If the skin around the umbilicus turns blue-black and the mouth puckers shut, it is Neichu (Internal Convulsion), which is incurable. If the fingernails turn black, death follows immediately.
Zhu Zhenheng stated: If any of the three conditions—Jin Kou (Jammed Mouth), Cuo Kou (Puckered Mouth), or Qi Feng (Umbilical Wind)—appear within seven days after birth, the prognosis is critical. If these symptoms appear within one hundred days accompanied by curled extremities, it is also considered incurable.
Zeng Shi stated: If the infant has robust constitution but presents with fever, phlegm, and convulsions, administer Hei Bai Yin (Black and White Drink) and warm honey water, taken on an empty stomach. If mild diarrhea occurs appearing tea-brown two or three times, subsequently advance to Bai Shaoyao Tang (White Peony Decoction) added with ginger and jujube. This method is commonly used and proves effective.
The condition of Qi Tu (Umbilical Protrusion) is distinct from Qi Feng. It arises because during initial bathing, the umbilical cord was not tied tightly, allowing dirty water to penetrate inward. After ten days postpartum, the umbilicus suddenly becomes smooth, swollen, and inflated like a blown balloon, producing slight noise upon manipulation, occasionally accompanied by palpitations and crying. Treatment involves Baishaoyao Tang (White Peony Decoction) added with Yiren (Coix Seed), followed by external application of Xiaisan (Resolve Accumulation Powder). The swelling will naturally subside.
Chen Wuzhe stated: Within the first seven days after birth, infants suddenly suffering from Qi Feng and Cuo Kou have no effective treatments among hundreds of cases, leading to helplessness and death, which is truly pitiable. There is a rarely known method: for such cases, inspect the infant's gums for small blisters resembling millet grains. Dip a cloth-wrapped finger in warm water and gently rupture the blister. The mouth will open and the infant will stabilize without medication, achieving miraculous effects.
Li stated: After umbilical cord separation, exposure to wind-dampness or urine-soiled diapers leads to Qi Feng. Symptoms include red face, rapid breathing, inability to cry, umbilical swelling and protrusion, abdominal distension, constant crying, inability to nurse, and potentially convulsions, puckered mouth, and jammed mouth. Suitable formulas include Tiaoqi Yihuang San (Regulate Qi and Benefit Yellow Powder); for severe cases, Jinyu San (Golden Crow Powder) or Xuanfeng San (Disperse Wind Powder). Heat in the chest cavity causing stretching and straining can also induce umbilical swelling and wind; Qianjin Longdan Tang (Preserve the Worthwhile Gentian Decoction) may be used.
Qian Yi stated: Qi Shi Zhong (Umbilical Dampness and Swelling) results from water-damp injury or wind-cold exposure after cord separation, causing disharmony in the four limbs, umbilical swelling, frequent crying, and inability to suckle. Suitable treatments are Baimo San (Cypress Ink Powder) and Wutong Gao (Five Passages Ointment).
Hua Borun stated: Infantile umbilical swelling and dampness that persists untreated will lead to death by one hundred days. Prompt treatment is required using Kunfan (Alum) and Longgu (Fossilized Bones) powdered together with a small amount of Shexiang (Musk). Dry the umbilicus before applying the powder, ensuring protection from wind.
Chao Yuanfang stated: Qi Chuang (Umbilical Ulcer) occurs when water enters the umbilicus or urine wets the area, causing swelling, rotting, and ulceration. If the detached cord stump is exposed to wind pathogens entering the meridians, it forms Feng Xian (Wind Epilepsy). Persistent umbilical swelling and moisture may eventually trigger convulsions; Jinhuang San (Golden Yellow Powder) is indicated.
Wang Handong stated: For ulcers resulting from umbilical cord cutting, powders of Kunfan (Alum), Longgu (Fossilized Bones), and Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) can be applied, or mixed with oil for topical application.
Li Zhongnan stated: Qi Tu (Umbilical Protrusion) arises when heat resides in the infant's chest, causing frequent stretching and grunting noises. The strained qi presses inward, causing the umbilicus to protrude, swell, and redden, appearing dangerously large. Ignorant people attribute this to improper cord tying, which is incorrect. It is caused by maternal palpitations during pregnancy or excessive consumption of heat-toxin-producing foods. Administer appropriate internal medicine to dissipate the heat; the umbilicus will return to its normal position without external applications, which might otherwise cause harm.