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Heat entering the Large Intestine causes hematochezia (blood in stool). Treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) added with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). Heat entering the Small Intestine causes hematuria (blood in urine). Treat with Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). In infants, this condition is often due to heat received in the womb.
It may also be caused by the nursing mother being affected by the Six Exogenous Pathogens (Liu Yin), emotional disturbances, or accumulating heat from rich and strong-flavored foods; or by the infant consuming sweet and fatty foods leading to accumulated heat; or resulting from invasion by the Six Exogenous Pathogens externally. If blood appears before defecation, treat with Qingwei San (Clear the Stomach Powder) added with Huaimi (Sophorae Flos). If blood appears after defecation, treat with Qingwei San added with Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu) and Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus). For infants, treatment should primarily focus on the mother; other cases require adaptation based on clinical presentation.

Infantile constipation is due to heat in the Lung and Large Intestine. Treat with Qingliang Yin (Cooling Drink). If it involves food stagnation combined with fright, or obstruction due to accumulation, treat with Xieqing Wan (Drain the Liver Pill). These are all examples of treating excess heat. If caused by the nursing mother's consumption of rich foods leading to accumulated heat, or by heat from constrained Six Exogenous Pathogens and Seven Emotions transmitted to the child, treat with Qingwei San added with honey, to clear evil heat and resolve constraint. If the child has a weak constitution, presenting with five-palm heat (heat sensation in palms, soles, and chest), thirst with desire to drink, and difficulty in defecation, treat with Liuwei Wan added with Dongtian (Asparagi Radix) and Dongmai (Ophiopogonis Radix) to nourish the Lung and Kidney. Using Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) or Mahuangren (Semen Cannabis) would accelerate the harm.

Difficulty in urination is distinguished between involvement of the Qi level and the Blood level. Fire in the Qi level of the Upper Jiao necessarily causes thirst; dampness in the Blood level of the Lower Jiao does not cause thirst. If body fluids leak excessively into the intestines and stomach, causing diarrhea and scanty, difficult urination, treat with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) added with Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber) and Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). If Spleen and Stomach Qi stagnation prevents the free flow of water passages, treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) and Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma). If mental restlessness and heat, along with abdominal distension and fullness, lead to urinary retention, treat with Zhizi Ren San (Gardeniae Semen Powder). If Spleen and Lung dryness-heat results in insufficient Yin transformation leading to red and difficult urination, treat with Huangqin Qingfei Yin (Scutellaria Lung-Clearing Decoction). If Kidney Bladder Yin deficiency leads to insufficient Yang generation causing dribbling, treat with Zishen Wan (Nourish the Kidney Pill). If Kidney Bladder Yin deficiency leads to insufficient Yang transformation causing dribbling, treat with Liuwei Wan. If caused by the nursing mother's consumption of rich flavors, alcohol, and wheat products leading to accumulated heat, treat with Qingwei San.

The Bladder is the official named "State Capital," where body fluids are stored. During sleep, Yang Qi turns inward. When Qi of the Kidney and Bladder is deficient and cold, failing to control and restrain, enuresis occurs during sleep. Use one herb: Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus), stir-fried with wine and powdered, taken with strong wine or delivered via an infusion of Yizhiren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus). If Spleen and Lung Qi are deficient, treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with Buguzhi and Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus).