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Chan (Delirious Speech): Refers to excessive talking. Speech is the expression of the heart's mind, emitted due to blazing fire. Therefore, Heart Heat causes excessive talking, similar to being drunk with internal heat. Some individuals talk excessively while sleeping, commonly known as "sleep-talking," which is a sign of Heat. If the Heat is severe, even when awake, the spirit is confused and unclear, this is called Chan Yu (Delirious Speech).

Wang (Delusion/Falsehood): Refers to false and illusory perceptions. Fire belongs to Yang; thus, externally it appears clear, but internally it is turbid and obscure. Its nature is active and chaotic, causing the spirit and will to lose control, such as seeing ghosts and deities. Blood and Qi are the spirit of the body. When the spirit is depleted and deficient, and Phlegm lodges in the Middle Jiao, obstructing the ascending and descending mechanisms and preventing normal function, the Twelve Officials (organs) each lose their duties. Vision, hearing, speech, and movement all exhibit falsehood. Generally, deficiency diseases and Phlegm diseases may resemble demonic possession. The appropriate treatment is Qingshen Tang (Clear Spirit Decoction), or Pingbu Zhenxin Dan (Calm and Tonify Heart Pill) with Cinnamon Twig (Rougui), Chinese Yam (Shanyao), and Schisandra Fruit (Wuweizi) removed, adding Amber (Hupo), Calaminate (Danning), and Musk (Shexiang). If there is constipation, abdominal distension and fullness with stabbing pain, locked jaw, and rapid breathing, this is an Excess pattern. Liangge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder) or Chengqi Tang formulas should be selected. If treated as demonic possession using mineral drugs (Jinshi), death is inevitable. Postpartum delirium and delusion are discussed in the Women's Diseases section.

Shiwan [Zhou Lin] treated Huang Zhijie (courtesy name Zhenzao), a literary scholar. He suffered from delirium, delusion, and falling down for several months. Attacks occurred every six or seven days, or every two or three days, or two to three times a day. During attacks, he vomited large amounts of saliva and bloody foam, recovering consciousness after half a day, one day, or two to three shichen (4-6 hours). Medical prayers were ineffective, resembling demonic possession. Day and night, he saw deceased female servants and maids. Sometimes he was comatose and unconscious, sometimes speaking and seeing things falsely. Essence and Qi leaked out intermittently without retention. He had taken countless doses of herbs such as Asparagus Root (Dongguai/Tianmai), Rehmannia Root (Dihuang), Coptis Rhizome (Lian), Phellodendron Bark (Bai), Cornus Fruit (Jinying), and Nelumbo Seed (Shilian), which worsened his diarrhea and loss of appetite. Later, Shiwan examined his pulse: the Cun (inch) position was vigorous, the Chi (cubit) position was faint; the front was large, the back small; pressing heavily made the pulse disappear suddenly, lifting lightly made it appear suddenly. This indicated floating and scattering of Shen Qi (Spiritual Energy). He prescribed Liu Junzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) with Dragon Teeth (Longchi), Acorus Rhizome (Changpu), and Polygala Root (Yuanzhi), administered with Yangzheng Dan (Nourish Righteousness Pill). Taken intermittently over time, totaling six or seven doses. Afterward, delirium, delusion, and falling down never recurred, and visions of spirits disappeared. Only nocturnal emission remained a chronic condition, not completely cured. He was then given Pingbu Zhenxin Dan, and after two months, he stabilized. His father, brothers, and relatives all believed that mineral drugs could suppress ghosts and gods. They did not realize that the previous delirium and delusion were caused by the floating and scattering of Shen Qi. Through the effect of nourishing righteousness and stabilizing the spirit, the danger of the soul flying away was avoided. This case is recorded to dispel confusion arising from paranoia and superstition.