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(Revised from the manuscript of disciple Bao Jingcheng)

Jing disease (Spasm) manifests as stiffness, rigidity, and opisthotonos (backward arching of the body). The *Neijing* (Inner Canon) states: "All spasms with neck stiffness belong to Dampness." The *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) states: "In Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel), if there is fever, anhidrosis (absence of sweating), and aversion to cold, it is called Gang Jing (Rigid Spasm); if there is fever, diaphoresis (sweating), and no aversion to cold, it is called Rou Jing (Flexible Spasm)." This clearly indicates that the onset of Jing disease must originate from the Taiyang channel. Since the Taiyang channel governs the exterior of the entire body, its vessel originates at the inner canthus of the eye, descends from the head through the posterior neck, connects to Fengfu (GV16), runs along the back of the body, and travels alongside the Du Mai (Governing Vessel). Therefore, the manifestations of Jing disease necessarily include neck stiffness, trismus (lockjaw), and opisthotonos; the sites of pathology are all locations where the meridians pass. Gang Jing presents with anhidrosis due to Exterior Excess (Biao Shi); Rou Jing presents with diaphoresis due to Exterior Deficiency (Biao Xu). In cases of Exterior Excess, pathogenic factors cannot exit; in cases of Exterior Deficiency, pathogenic factors easily enter. This represents an excess condition caused by external pathogens. It is also stated: "Excessive sweating in Taiyang disease leads to Jing disease." This is because Taiyang is the exterior mansion of the Kidney. If the pathogen in the Taiyang channel is treated with excessive sweating, leading to the external depletion of Body Fluids (Jin Ye), then Shaoyin Water (Kidney Yin) becomes deficient. With insufficient nourishment and harmonization of Wood (Liver), dryness generates Wind. Once Wind arises, it damages the Sinews (Jin). When the Sinews lose blood nourishment, Jing disease forms. This represents a deficiency condition caused by internal damage. It is further stated: "Applying purgation to Wind disease leads to Jing disease." This is because the area adjacent to Taiyang is Yangming. If the pathogen in the Taiyang channel is mistakenly treated with purgation, leading to the loss of Yin fluids and hyperactivity of Yang, then Yangming Earth (Stomach/Spleen) becomes dry. Without proper transformation and transportation, Earth generates Heat. When Heat is excessive, it scorches the Sinews, leading to Jing disease. This represents another form of deficiency condition caused by internal exhaustion. Having discussed the excess of Wind-Cold on the exterior, it subsequently discusses the deficiency of Yin injury caused by sweating and purging methods. Zhang Zhongjing here has indeed repeatedly deduced and detailed these points, revealing the principles of tonification and drainage beyond the explicit words. However, this seems quite different from the principle in the *Neijing* that "all belong to Dampness." Why? I have observed that when Dampness combines with Cold-Damage water, Jing disease arises from Cold-Damp; when Dampness stagnates and generates Heat, and Wind flourishes with blazing Fire, Jing disease arises from Damp-Heat. Although Cold and Heat are vastly different, the underlying Dampness remains one and the same. Is this not what is meant by "all belong to [Dampness]"? Furthermore, when Dampness stagnates to generate Heat, and Fire blazes while Wind flourishes, the depletion of fluids and injury to Jin Ye are inevitable. Thus, although the *Neijing* speaks of Dampness rather than Dryness, the concept of Dryness is encompassed within the discussion of Dampness. If one can expand upon this meaning, then conditions such as excessive blood loss after childbirth, where solitary Yang lacks foundation, severely damaging the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel), Ren Mai (Conception Vessel), Du Mai (Governing Vessel), and the Eight Extraordinary Vessels, resulting in opisthotonos, rigidity, trismus, and clenched fists; or children, whose constitution is purely Yang and Yin is not yet fully developed, who contract external pathogens again, leading to acute and chronic infantile convulsions (Jing Feng) and symptoms like lockjaw and muteness—all these fall within the scope of this theory.