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Chen Zishan said: The five colors (Red, Yellow, Blue/Green, White, Black) are mostly manifested on the face; auspiciousness or inauspiciousness must be observed through physical form. Red and crimson complexions indicate accumulated heat, predisposing to wind generation and liver-gallbladder fright. A yellow complexion indicates food stagnation; white lips signify cold invasion. Blue/green and black colors appearing between the eyebrows suggest a person like a dream of millet (illusive or critically ill). The five vocalizations originate from the Lungs; when Lung Qi is exhausted, crying is silent. Shortness of breath with throat obstruction and severe wheezing startle the physician. Hoarseness with persistent fever, and abdominal pain due to cold invasion, allow one to know deficiency and excess after listening; the presence of tinnitus indicates the status of Kidney Qi. For infants, pulse diagnosis is not feasible; auspiciousness or inauspiciousness relies on observing the Tiger's Mouth area.

Tu Weisheng stated: The phrase "tinnitus indicates the status of Kidney Qi" is difficult to interpret and should be left blank for further verification. Except for infants only a few months old, whose pulses are faint and difficult to diagnose, all others have pulses to rely upon; it cannot be said that there is no pulse for diagnosis. While observing the Wind, Qi, and Life gates (on the infant's finger) is indeed a method for visual diagnosis, one cannot solely rely on the Tiger's Mouth area for judgment.

Chen Zishan said: Facial complexion is where the Qi and blood of the twelve meridians generally manifest. If the color at the Five Positions is blue/green, it indicates unresolved fright and food stagnation, predisposing to wind syndromes; if red, it indicates abundant phlegm and food stagnation from cold damage, with fright and palpitations; if yellow, it indicates food stagnation, masses (Jia), rickets (Gan), and fullness/masses (Pi Pi); if white, it indicates deficient pulse Qi, with slippery diarrhea, vomiting, and dysentery; if black, it indicates impending exhaustion of the Zang-Fu organs, representing a critical and ominous prognosis. Cyan face with cyan eyes indicates Liver disease; red face with red lips indicates Heart disease; yellow face with yellow nose indicates Spleen disease; white cheeks indicate Lung disease. Each Zang organ has its specific manifestations; by carefully exploring the colors, one can know the exterior-interior, deficiency-excess, and the adequacy or insufficiency of innate constitution. The methods of tonification, purgation, warming, and clearing are indeed very clear and obvious.

Tu Weisheng stated: This section is titled "Discussing Diseases of the Five Positions," yet the position of Chengjiang (Ren-24) belonging to the Kidney among the five positions is omitted. It is unknown whether this was intentionally deleted by the author or lost during printing. Furthermore, the previous statement "white lips signify cold invasion" is not entirely appropriate, as people with white lips mostly suffer from Blood deficiency.

Chen Zishan said: There are five aspects to observing an infant's Shen (Spirit) and eye color: first, observe eye color; second, listen to the voice; third, observe the fontanelles; fourth, observe the physical appearance; fifth, observe the hair. Although these five cannot always be fully assessed, if the eyes show spirit and the voice is loud, six or seven out of ten cases can be saved. Observing eye color: The two eyes are the gathering place of the essence of the six Fu organs and the culmination of the whole body's essence. If the black pupil (Jing Zhu) is bright and fills the entire eye, and the spirit is clear, the child will likely live long; even if sick, recovery will be easy. If the sclera is prominent, the pupil is dim and hazy, or the pupil is yellow or small, and the spirit is dull and lethargic, this indicates weak innate Qi and blood from parents, insufficient endowment, and the child will likely suffer many disasters.

Listening to voice: If an infant's voice is loud and resonant, it indicates abundant Qi and blood in the six Fu and Zang organs, and the child will likely grow up healthy. If the infant never cries loudly since birth, it implies that one of the Yin orifices of a Zang organ is not open, or Shen Qi is insufficient. If the voice sounds like chirping or mumbling, the child will likely not live long.

Observing fontanelles: The anterior fontanelle of an infant is filled by maternal blood, and the posterior fontanelle is solidified by paternal essence. If both fontanelles are full and firm, the child will likely live long. If paternal essence and Qi are insufficient due to indulgence in alcohol and sex, the child's posterior fontanelle may be empty and soft. If maternal endowment is insufficient due to Blood deficiency and frequent illness, the child's anterior fontanelle may be soft and not firm, prone to diseases. If both parental Qi and Blood are insufficient, the child will likely die young. In such cases, the parents fail to protect the child's natural lifespan. The anterior fontanelle is referred to as the Niwan Palace in Daoism; the posterior fontanelle is located at the top of the back of the head, named Baihui (GV-20). If both fontanelles do not close, it is called Jie Lu (splayed skull).

Observing physical appearance: If a child has a large mouth, straight nose, clear eyebrows, bright eyes, features resembling the Five Mountains facing each other, and proportional features, this is the foundation of fortune and longevity, indicating a life free from disease. If the mouth is small, nose short, brows tight and wrinkled, and skin rough, the child may die young even without illness; if they survive, they may end up poor and low-status.

Observing hair: Hair is formed from parental blood, hence named "Blood Remainder." If maternal blood is sufficient, the child's hair will be black and lustrous; if maternal blood is weak, or due to fetal leakage/miscarriage, or excessive drinking and lust, the child's hair will be yellow, dry, and brittle, or prone to Gan emaciation syndrome, which is also a sign of short lifespan.