大寒。主时行头痛，热结在肠胃。山中处处有，皮似檀、槐，叶如栎、槲，人亦多识用
之。削取里皮，去上甲，煎
服之，夏日作饮去热。
〔谨案〕此树，所在皆有，多生溪涧水侧。叶
抱，高数仞，皮极粗浓，殊不
似檀。俗人取煮汁，以疗水气断下利，
取嫩叶，挪贴火烂疮有效也。
味苦，无毒。主毒风，香港脚肿，四肢缓弱不随，毒瓦斯游易在皮肤中，痰 等。酒渍服之。
取叶圆大、蒂小、无风自动者良。（新附）
嫩枝，味苦，平，无毒。主久利赤白。捣和水绞取汁，服一升，日二，大效。
此陶注柳者是。（新附）
味辛、苦，温，有小毒。主大风，头面手足诸风，癫痫，狂 ，湿痹寒冷疼痛。俗方大
用之，而本草不载，亦无别
名，但有栾花，功用又别，非此花也。
案其茎、叶都似石南，干亦反卷，经冬不死，叶上有细黑点者，真也。今雍州所用者是，
而洛州乃用石荆当之，非
也。（新附）
味苦，大寒，无毒。主口疮，疳KT ，杀诸虫，去心腹中热气。一名山石榴。
其树枝叶与石榴无别，但花异，子细黑圆如牛李子耳。生山石间，所在皆有，襄阳岘山
东者为良。陶于柏木附见二
种，其一是此。陶云皮黄，其树乃皮白，今太常所贮乃叶多刺者，名
附）
[Properties and Indications] Greatly cold. Primarily treats headaches caused by epidemic pathogens, and heat accumulation in the stomach and intestines. This tree is found everywhere in the mountains; its bark resembles that of Dalbergia (Sandalwood) and Sophora (Huai), and its leaves resemble those of Quercus (Oak) and Quercus dentata (Hu). People are generally familiar with it and use it. The inner bark is scraped off, the outer rough layer is removed, and it is decocted for oral administration. In summer, it is made into a drink to clear heat.
[Su Jing et al. Verification] This tree is present in all locations, often growing near streams and mountain ditches. The leaves embrace the stem, reaching several ren (an ancient unit of length) in height. The bark is extremely thick and coarse, quite unlike that of Dalbergia. Common people boil its juice to treat edema and dysentery. Crushed tender leaves applied topically are effective for burns.
Bitter in taste, non-toxic. Primarily treats toxic wind, beriberi swelling, flaccidity and weakness of the four limbs with loss of motor control, toxic vapors wandering in the skin, and phlegm. It is taken after being soaked in wine. Leaves that are round and large, have small petioles, and move spontaneously without wind are considered superior. (Newly added)
Tender branches: Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats chronic dysentery with red and white discharge. Crushed and mixed with water, the juice is extracted and one sheng (approx. 200ml) is taken orally twice a day, yielding significant effects. This refers to the willow branch noted by Tao Hongjing. (Newly added)
Acrid and bitter in taste, warm in nature, slightly toxic. Primarily treats severe wind disease (leprosy), wind affecting the head, face, hands, and feet, epilepsy, mania, damp-bi syndrome with cold pain. It is widely used in folk prescriptions but is not recorded in Materia Medica texts, nor does it have other common names. Although there is a flower called Luan flower, its functions differ and it is not this plant. Examining its stems and leaves, they resemble Pyracantha fortuneana (Shinan); the trunk also curls backward, survives winter, and true specimens have fine black spots on the leaves. The variety currently used in Yongzhou is authentic, whereas Luozhou uses Vitex negundo (Shijing) as a substitute, which is incorrect. (Newly added)
Bitter in taste, greatly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats mouth ulcers, childhood malnutrition syndrome (Gan syndrome), kills various parasites, and clears heat from the heart and abdomen. Also known as Mountain Pomegranate. Its branches and leaves are indistinguishable from pomegranate, except for the flowers; the fruit is small, black, and round, resembling the fruit of Prunus buergeriana (Niu Li Zi). It grows among rocks and is found everywhere; the variety from east of Xianshan in Xiangyang is superior. Tao Hongjing mentioned two varieties under the entry for Cypress wood, one of which is this species. Tao stated the bark was yellow, but this tree has white bark. What is currently stored by the Court Music Bureau has thorny leaves and is named... [text incomplete].