味辛、甘，温、平、微寒，无毒。主五脏邪气，女子阴中寒热痛，症瘕、血闭、绝子。
止咳逆，疗脱肛，散淋结，
头中风眩，痿蹶，强阴益精。久服轻身和颜色，令人好容体。一名万岁，一名豹足，一名求
股，一名交时。生常山山谷
石间。五月、七月采，阴干。
今出近道。丛生石土上，细叶似柏，卷屈状如鸡足，青黄色。用之，去下近石有沙土处。
味辛，温，无毒。主咳逆，头痛，脑动，百节拘挛，风湿痹痛，死肌。温中，下气，破
痰，利水道，开胸中，除喉
痹， 鼻，风痫、癫疾，下乳结，汗不出，血不行，安五脏，益肝胆，通精气。久服明目，
利九窍，轻身长年。一名小
辛。生华阴山谷。二月、八月采根，阴干。
曾青、桑根为之使，得当归、芍药、白芷、芎 、牡丹、 本、甘草共疗妇人，得决明、鲤
野狼毒、山茱萸、黄 ，畏硝石、滑石，反藜芦。今用东阳临海者，形段乃好，而辛烈不及华
阴、高丽者。用之去其头节。人患口臭者，含之多效，最能除痰明目也。
味苦、甘、平、微温、无毒。主风寒所击，金疮止痛，贲豚，痫 ，女子疝瘕。疗诸贼
风，百节痛风无久新者。久
服轻身耐老。一名羌活，一名羌青，一名护羌使者，一名胡王使者，一名独摇草。此草得风
不摇，无风自动。生雍州川
谷，或陇西南安。二月、八月采根，
曝干。
豚实为之使。药名无豚实，恐是蠡实。此州郡县并是羌地。羌活形细而多节，软润，气
息极猛烈。出益州北部、西
川为独活，色微白，形虚大，为用亦相似，而小不如。其一茎直上
至易蛀，宜密器藏之。
〔谨案〕
疗风宜用独活，兼水宜用羌活。
Taste: acrid, sweet. Nature: warm, neutral, slightly cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: treats pathogenic factors in the five zang organs; cold-heat pain in the vagina of women; zheng jia (abdominal masses), blood obstruction, and infertility.
Stops cough with counterflow qi, treats rectal prolapse, dissipates strangury accumulation,
wind-dizziness of the head, ataxia and weakness, strengthens yin and benefits essence. Long-term use lightens the body, harmonizes complexion, and makes one look healthy and vigorous. Also known as Wansui (Ten Thousand Years), Baozu (Leopard Foot), Qiugu (Seeking Thigh), Jiaoshi (Intertwined Time). Grows among rocks in valleys of Changshan. Harvested in May and July, dried in shade.
Currently sourced from nearby regions. It grows in clusters on rocky soil, with fine leaves resembling cypress, curled like a chicken's foot, greenish-yellow in color. When used, remove the sandy soil near the base close to the rock.
Taste: acrid. Nature: warm. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: treats cough with counterflow qi, headache, brain throbbing, spasms and contractures of all joints, bi-syndrome pain due to wind-dampness, dead muscle tissue. Warms the middle jiao, directs qi downward, breaks up phlegm, promotes water passages, opens the chest, relieves throat obstruction, nasal congestion, wind-type epilepsy and mania, resolves breast lumps, induces sweating when absent, promotes blood circulation when stagnant, calms the five zang organs, benefits the liver and gallbladder, and unites essential qi and spirit. Long-term use brightens the eyes, benefits the nine orifices, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also known as Xiaoxin (Little Acrid). Grows in valleys of Huayin. Roots harvested in February and August, dried in shade.
Zengqing (Malachite) and Sanggen (Mulberry Root) serve as guides. When combined with Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Shaoyao (Peony Root), Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica), Xiongsu (Ligusticum Chuanxiong), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Bencao (Ligusticum Wallichii), and Gancao (Licorice Root), it effectively treats women's diseases. When combined with Juemingzi (Cassia Seed), Liyu (Carp), Yelangdu (Aconitum Coreanum var. Neoleucanthum), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Officinalis), and Huangbo (Phellodendron Bark), it is effective. It is incompatible with Xiaoshi (Niter), Huashi (Talc), and contradicts Lilu (Veratrum). Currently, the variety from Linhai, Dongyang is used; its segments are good, but its acrid potency is not as strong as that from Huayin or Korea. When used, remove the head and nodes. For people suffering from bad breath, holding it in the mouth is highly effective; it is best at resolving phlegm and brightening the eyes.
Taste: bitter, sweet. Nature: neutral, slightly warm. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: treats attacks by wind-cold, alleviates pain from metal wounds, gan tun (hernial disorder), epilepsy, and shan jia (hernia-like masses) in women. Treats various erratic winds and wind-pain in all joints, regardless of duration. Long-term use lightens the body and enhances resistance to aging. Also known as Qianghuo (Notopterygium Root), Qiangqing, Huqiang Shizhe (Guardian of Qiang Envoy), Huwang Shizhe (Hu King's Envoy), Duyao Cao (Swaying Grass). This herb does not sway when there is wind, but moves spontaneously when there is no wind. Grows in river valleys of Yongzhou, or Longnan, Nan'an. Roots harvested in February and August, sun-dried.
Tunshi (Seeds of Trichosanthes) serves as a guide. The materia medica name "Tunshi" is likely a mistake for Lishi (Seeds of Plantago). These prefectures and counties were all lands of the Qiang people. Qianghuo is slender with many nodes, soft and moist, with an extremely potent aroma. The variety from northern Yizhou and Western Sichuan is called Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens), which is slightly white in color, hollow and large in shape. Its medicinal use is similar but slightly inferior. Each stem grows straight upward. It is prone to insect damage and should be stored in sealed containers.
[Note]
To treat wind syndromes, Duhuo is appropriate; when water retention is involved, Qianghuo is preferred.