味辛、酸，寒，无毒。主暴热身痒，下水气，胜酒，长须发，止消渴，下气。以沐浴，
生毛发。久服轻身。一名水
花，一名水白，一名水苏。生雷泽池泽。三月采，曝干。
此是水中大萍尔，非今浮萍子。《药录》云∶五月有花，白色，即非今沟渠所生者。楚
王渡江所得，非斯实也。
〔谨
案〕水萍者，有三种∶大者名萍，中者曰荇，小者即水上浮萍
叶圆。水上小浮萍，主火疮。
味苦、咸，寒，无毒。主瘿瘤气颈下核，破散结气、痈肿、症瘕、坚气，腹中上下鸣，
下十二水肿。疗皮间积聚暴
溃，留气热结，利小便。一名落首，一名 。生东海池泽。七月七日采，曝干。
反甘草。生海岛上，黑色如乱发而大少许，叶大都似藻叶。又有石帆，状如柏，疗石淋。
又有水松，状如松，疗溪
毒。
味咸，寒，无毒。主十二种水肿，瘿瘤聚结气， 疮。生东海。
今惟出高丽。绳把索之如卷麻，作黄黑色，柔韧可食。《尔雅》云∶纶似纶，组似组，
东海有之。今青苔、紫菜皆似
纶，此昆布亦似组，恐即是也。凡海中菜，皆疗瘿瘤结气。青苔、紫菜辈亦然，干苔性热，
柔苔甚冷也。
味咸，微寒，无毒。主消渴，去热，明目，益气。一名鸿 。如马蓼而大，生水旁，五
月采实。
此类甚多，今生下湿地，极似马蓼，甚长大。诗称隰有游龙，注云荭草。郭景纯云∶即
茏
[Water Duckweed]
Taste: Acrid, Sour; Nature: Cold; Toxicity: Non-toxic. Primarily treats sudden fever accompanied by body itching, eliminates water qi (fluid retention), overcomes alcohol intoxication, promotes the growth of beard and hair, stops thirst, and directs rebellious qi downward. Used for bathing, it generates hair. Long-term consumption lightens the body. Also known as Shuihua (Water Flower), Shuibai (Water White), and Shuisu (Water Perilla). Grows in the ponds and marshes of Leize. Harvested in March, dried in the sun.
This is the large duckweed found in water, not the *Fulingzi* (duckweed seed) of today. The *Yaolu* states: "Flowers appear in May, white in color," which indicates it is not the kind growing in ditches today. What King Chu obtained while crossing the river was not this actual substance.
[Note] There are three types of water duckweed: the large one is called Ping (Duckweed), the medium one is called Xing (Nymphoides), and the small one is the floating duckweed on the water surface with round leaves. The small floating duckweed on the water surface primarily treats fire sores (burns or heat-induced skin ulcers).
[Kelp]
Taste: Bitter, Salty; Nature: Cold; Toxicity: Non-toxic. Primarily treats Yingliu (goiter) and masses under the neck, breaks up and disperses stagnant qi, abscesses, Zhengjia (abdominal masses), hard accumulations, abdominal rumbling above and below, and eliminates twelve types of edema. Treats sudden ulceration of accumulations in the skin, lingering qi-heat knots, and promotes urination. Also known as Luoshou (Hair-Dropping Head) and Lun. Grows in the ponds and marshes of the East Sea. Harvested on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, dried in the sun.
Incompatible with Gancao (Licorice Root). Grows on islands in the sea, black like messy hair but slightly larger, leaves mostly resembling algae leaves. There is also Shifan (Stone Sail), shaped like cypress, treating Shilin (lithuria/urinary stones). There is also Shuisong (Water Pine), shaped like pine, treating Xi Du (stream toxicity).
[Seaweed]
Taste: Salty; Nature: Cold; Toxicity: Non-toxic. Primarily treats twelve types of edema, Yingliu (goiter) and clustered qi, and foul sores. Grows in the East Sea.
Currently, only produced in Goryeo. Bundled with rope like rolled hemp, yellowish-black in color, soft, tough, and edible. The *Erya* states: "Lun resembles Lun, Zu resembles Zu, found in the East Sea." Today's Qingtai (Green Algae) and Zicai (Purple Laver) both resemble Lun; this Kelp also resembles Zu, likely being the same. All seaweeds treat goiter and clustered qi. Qingtai and Zicai are similar; dry algae has a hot nature, while soft algae is very cold.
[Red Smartweed]
Taste: Salty; Nature: Slightly Cold; Toxicity: Non-toxic. Primarily treats Xiaoke (wasting-thirst), clears heat, brightens the eyes, and benefits qi. Also known as Hongcao. Resembles Maliao (Knotweed) but is larger, grows by the water, fruits harvested in May.
There are many such plants; those living today in low, wet areas closely resemble Maliao and grow quite large. The *Shijing* (Classic of Poetry) mentions "Youlong in the marshes," with annotations stating this is Hongcao. Guo Jingchun says: It is Long...