味苦，寒，无毒。主骨间诸痹，四肢拘挛疼酸，膝寒痛，阴痿，短气不足，脚肿。生熊
耳川谷及冤句，立秋采。
〔谨案〕此即蒴 是也。后人不识，浪出蒴 条。此叶似芹及接骨花，亦一类，故芹名
水英，此名陆英，接骨树名
木英，此三英也。花叶并相似。
味苦，平，无毒。主久咳上气喘逆，久寒惊悸，痂疥白秃疡气，杀皮肤小虫。可以染黄
作金色。生青衣川谷，九月、
十月采。
畏鼠妇。青衣在益州西。
〔谨案〕此草叶似竹而细薄，茎亦圆小。生平泽溪涧之侧，
荆襄人煮以染黄，色极鲜好。
洗疮有效。俗名绿蓐草。《尔雅》云∶所谓王刍者也。
味苦、辛，寒，无毒。主寒热、瘰 、鼠 、头疮，破症，散瘿结气，脚肿湿痹，轻身。
一名夕句，一名乃东，一名燕面。生蜀郡川谷，四月采。
土瓜为之使，
〔谨案〕此草，生平泽，叶似旋复，首春即生，四月穗出，其花紫白似
丹参花，五月便枯。处处有
之。
味甘，寒，无毒。主皮肤往来寒热，利小肠膀胱气。疗黄胆，金疮内塞，补中益气，好
颜
垣衣亦名乌韭，而为疗异，非是此种类也。
〔谨案〕此物，即石衣也，亦曰石苔，又
名石发，生岩石阴不见日处，
与卷柏相类也。
味苦，微寒，有毒。主惊痫，摇头弄舌，热气在腹中，癫疾，痈疮阴蚀，下三虫，去蛇
毒。一名蚩休。生山阳川谷
及宛朐。
〔谨案〕今谓重楼者是也。一名重台，南人名草甘遂，苗似王孙、鬼臼等，有二、三层。根
如肥大菖蒲，细肌脆白，醋
摩疗痈肿，敷蛇毒，有效。
[Lu Ying (Euphorbia humifusa)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats various Bi syndromes in the bones and joints, contracture, pain, and soreness of the four limbs, cold pain in the knees, impotence, shortness of breath and insufficiency, and swelling of the feet. Grows in the valleys of Xiong'er Mountain and Yuanju area. Harvested at Liqiu (Start of Autumn).
[Note] This is indeed Shuque (Polygonum chinense). Later generations did not recognize it and erroneously listed a separate entry for Shuque. The leaves of this herb resemble those of celery and Jiegu Hua (Sarcandra glabra), belonging to the same category; hence, celery is named Shui Ying (Water Ying), this herb is named Lu Ying (Land Ying), and the Jiegu tree is named Mu Ying (Wood Ying); these three are collectively called "Ying". Their flowers and leaves are quite similar.
[Wang Chu (Commonly known as Lv Ru Cao)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats chronic cough, rising Qi, wheezing and counterflow Qi, palpitations caused by long-term cold, qi stagnation associated with scabies, tinea capitis, and ulcerations; kills small insects on the skin. Can be used to dye yellow, producing a golden color. Grows in the valleys of Qingyi Mountain. Harvested in September and October.
Aversion: Avoid Rats' Female (Pillbugs/Armadillidium vulgare). Qingyi Mountain is located west of Yizhou.
[Note] The leaves of this herb resemble bamboo but are finer and thinner; the stem is also round and small. It grows beside plains, swamps, streams, and ravines. People in Jingzhou and Xiangyang boil it to dye cloth yellow, resulting in a very bright and beautiful color. Effective for washing sores. Commonly known as Lv Ru Cao (Green Mat Grass). The *Erya* states: "This is what is referred to as Wang Chu."
[Zao Xiu (Paris polyphylla / Chong Lou)]
Taste: Bitter, Pungent. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats alternating chills and fever, scrofula (Luo Li), rat-sores (Shu Lou), head sores, breaks up masses (Zheng), dissipates goiter and stagnant Qi, swelling of the feet with damp-Bi, and lightens the body.
Alternative names: Xi Ju, Nai Dong, Yan Mian. Grows in the valleys of Shujun. Harvested in April.
Guiding herb (Shi): Tu Gua (Benincasa hispida root).
[Note] This herb grows in plains and swamps. The leaves resemble those of Xuan Fu Hua (Inula japonica), emerging early in spring. Spikes appear in April, flowers are purple-white resembling Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) flowers, and the plant withers in May. It is found everywhere.
[Shi Yi (Wu Jiu)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats alternating chills and fever on the skin, promotes urination via the Small Intestine and Bladder Qi. Treats jaundice, internal obstruction from metal wounds, tonifies the Middle Jiao and benefits Qi, and improves complexion.
Yuanyi is also called Wu Jiu, but its therapeutic effects differ, and it is not of this species.
[Note] This substance is Shi Yi (Rock Lichen), also called Shi Tai or Shi Fa. It grows in dark, sunless places on rocks and resembles Juan Bai (Selaginella tamariscina).
[Zao Xiu / Chong Lou (Paris polyphylla)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly Cold. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Mainly treats fright-epilepsy, shaking head and manipulating tongue, heat qi in the abdomen, mania, carbuncles and ulcers with genital erosion, expels the lower three parasites, and removes snake venom.
Alternative name: Chi Xiu. Grows in southern mountain valleys and Wanqu area.
[Note] What is currently called Chong Lou (Seven-Leaf-One-Ring) is this herb. Alternative name: Chong Tai. In the south, it is called Cao Gan Sui. The seedling resembles Wang Sun and Gui Jiao, having two or three layers. The root resembles large A Chang Pu (Acorus tatarinowii), with fine, crisp, white flesh. Rubbed with vinegar and applied externally, it treats carbuncles and swellings; applied for snake venom, it is effective.