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(Primary interior syndrome. External manifestations are on the muscles; internal examination focuses on the Stomach.)

What is referred to as Yangming Meridian Syndrome? It is characterized by fever, eye pain, dry nose, insomnia, and aversion to heat. Differentiation is required to determine if the Taiyang syndrome has not yet resolved or has resolved. If accompanied by headache and aversion to cold, it indicates that the Taiyang syndrome has not resolved; with spontaneous sweating and a moderate pulse, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated. For stiffness in the nape and back, Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu Root Decoction) is the primary treatment. If there is no headache or aversion to cold, but only high fever and thirst, it indicates that the Taiyang syndrome has resolved; this is the fundamental syndrome of the Yangming Meridian, and Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is indicated.

What is referred to as Yangming Fu-organ Syndrome? It is characterized by tidal fever, delirium, continuous sweating on the hands, feet, and axillae, abdominal fullness, and hard stool. There is a distinction between "Taiyang-Yangming" and "Shaoyang-Yangming." Originally a Taiyang syndrome, improper treatment leads to the loss of body fluids, causing the heat of Taiyang to transfer to Yangming due to stomach dryness; symptoms include frequent urination and hard stool. Originally a Shaoyang syndrome, improper treatment leads to fluid loss, causing Shaoyang pathogens to transfer to Yangming due to stomach dryness, resulting in constipation and dry stool. The *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) states... [Text missing] ... I opine that when Yangming is in the meridian stage and has not yet separated from Taiyang, diaphoresis (sweating method) is appropriate. Once separated from Taiyang, clearing heat is appropriate. In the fu-organ stage, one must assess severity to apply purgation. If at the boundary between meridian and fu-organ... [Text missing] ... dry mouth... [Text missing] ... is open... [Text missing] ... comes from... [Text missing] ... consider... [Text missing]

(Primary half-exterior half-interior syndrome)

What is referred to as Shaoyang Meridian Syndrome? It is characterized by bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, and vertigo/dizziness. Differentiation is required between deficient fire and excess fire.

Externally presenting with alternating chills and fever, chest and hypochondriac fullness/discomfort, silent desire not to eat, irritability, and frequent vomiting, this is a deficient fire syndrome, and Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.

Externally presenting with alternating chills and fever, epigastric痞感 (stagnant hardness), mild depression and vexation, and incessant vomiting, this is an excess fire syndrome, and Daxiaochaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.

What is referred to as Shaoyang Fu-organ Syndrome? Shaoyang governs chills and fever; pertaining to the half-exterior makes it a meridian syndrome, and pertaining to the half-interior makes it a fu-organ syndrome. Although there may be no external alternating chills and fever, if vomiting leads to stagnation without pain, Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia Decoction for Draining the Epigastrium) is indicated. If there is heat in the chest leading to vomiting, and pathogens in the stomach causing abdominal pain, Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction) is indicated. If pathogens have entered the interior, and Gallbladder fire attacks the Spleen downward causing spontaneous diarrhea, Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) is indicated. If Gallbladder fire rebels upward against the Stomach causing vomiting, Huangqin Jia Banxia Shengjiang Tang (Scutellaria Decoction plus Pinellia and Fresh Ginger Decoction) is indicated. The above four formulas combine cold and hot, attacking and tonifying methods, still adhering to the Shaoyang harmonizing method.