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Mao Feng (Exposure to Wind) refers to a pathological condition where wind pathogen invades the skin and hair but has not yet transmitted into the meridians or interior. Wang Ang stated: "Light is Mao, heavy is Shang, and heavier still is Zhong." This indicates that the illness of Mao Feng is lighter and more superficial than Shang Feng (Wind Injury). In recent times, people often mistake Mao Feng for Shang Feng, unaware that the disease named Shang Feng in this context actually corresponds to the syndrome of "wind injuring the Wei level" described in Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage). The current concept of Mao Feng arises when wind pathogen again invades the skin and hair; since the skin and hair are the exterior union of the Lung, symptoms such as aversion to wind, slight fever, nasal congestion, hoarseness, headache, and cough appear. The pulse is slippery and soft without being floating and slow. These are evidences of Mao Feng occurring in spring, which differs from wind injuring the Wei level, and thus should be treated with mild acrid-light resolving methods. If the patient experiences thirst and desire to drink, it indicates latent Qi (latent pathogenic factors) hiding within. For instance, if the pulse is rapid with sweating, it is Feng Wen (Wind-Warmth); if the pulse is tight without sweating, it is Chun Wen (Spring-Warmth). It is essential to distinguish between them and treat accordingly to avoid errors.

A question was raised: "I have seen in Zhao Xianke's (Lingtai's) book that symptoms such as headache, fever, cough, and runny nose, commonly known as 'Shang Feng' in vernacular language, are not the 'Shang Feng' in Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*. Now, Mr. Lei distinguishes 'wind injuring Wei' as 'Shang Feng', which contradicts Lingtai. Who is right and who is wrong?" The answer was: "The 'Shang Feng' discussed by Lingtai is exactly what this book calls 'Mao Feng'; and the 'Shang Feng' in this book is the 'Shang Feng' of 'wind injuring Wei' in Zhang Zhongjing's writings. Based on reasoning, one should follow the Sage's teachings as correct and vernacular usage as incorrect." The questioner asked: "Observing your discussion, Mao Feng is lighter than Shang Feng, whereas Lingtai's 'Shang Feng' is a very difficult-to-treat disease. Why are they so opposite in severity?" The answer was: "I consider that when wind pathogen initially invades the skin and hair, the symptoms are light and superficial, easily cured after taking a few doses, hence I call it light. Lingtai refers to pathogens entering the Lung from the skin and hair, deepening over years until becoming consumptive weakness, hence he calls it a very difficult-to-treat disease. One discusses the onset, the other discusses the established disease; where is the contradiction?"

Zhong Feng (Apoplexy/Stroke) strikes suddenly, like being hit by an arrow or stone. Ancients believed that Lei Zhong (Internal Stroke mimicking external stroke) was common, while Zhen Zhong (True External Stroke) was rare. Since this book is specifically designed for the six qi (pathogens), it focuses urgently on discussing Zhen Zhong. Observing sudden apoplexy, in spring, wind is predominant; in summer, heat; in autumn, dampness; in winter, cold. Therefore, the discussion on Zhong Feng is detailed regarding the spring season. Generally, when wind attacks a person, there is sudden collapse, loss of consciousness, or deviation of the mouth and eyes, stiff tongue, and phlegm rattling in the throat. During the collapse, urgently use Tong Guan San (Pass-the-Gate Powder) to induce sneezing; if sneezing occurs, it is treatable; otherwise, death is likely. For lockjaw, use Kai Guan San (Open-the-Gate Powder) to rub the teeth and soften them. For excessive phlegm and saliva, use various emetic methods to vomit it out. These are methods for treating the branch in acute situations. Examining the discussions of sages, only the *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) divides it into four categories: Zhong Jing (Invading the Meridians), Zhong Luo (Invading the Collaterals), Zhong Fu (Invading the Fu Organs), and Zhong Zang (Invading the Zang Organs). This division is most accurate and serves as a standard for students.
1. Zhong Jing: Hemiplegia and inability to move limbs/bones/tendons indicate pathogen in the Meridian; treat with methods to regulate Qi and search for wind.
2. Zhong Luo: Deviation of mouth and eyes, numbness of skin and muscles indicate pathogen in the Collaterals; treat with methods to invigorate blood and dispel wind.
3. Zhong Fu: Unconsciousness, inability to recognize people, obstruction of urination and defecation indicate pathogen in the Fu Organs; treat with methods to open orifices and guide out phlegm, aided by Bai Shun Wan (Hundred-Compliance Pill).
4. Zhong Zang: Coma, inability to speak, flaccid lips, flowing saliva indicate pathogen in the Zang Organs; also treat with this method, aided by Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan (Calvescent Calculus Heart-Clearing Pill).
If the mouth opens, it signifies Heart Qi exhaustion; if eyes close, Liver Qi exhaustion; if hands scatter, Spleen Qi exhaustion; if snoring sleep occurs, Lung Qi exhaustion; if enuresis occurs, Kidney Qi exhaustion. Additionally, head shaking with upward gaze, sweat like oil, pulse extremely large and disordered, or pulse tiny as a thread, are all untreatable.

A question was raised: "Ancient treatments for Zhong Feng distinguished between Zhong Fu, Zhong Zang, and Zhong Xue Mai (Blood Vessels), using Xiao Xu Ming Tang for Zhong Fu, San Hua Tang for Zhong Zang, and Da Qin Jiao Tang for Zhong Xue Mai. Since we now follow the four categories of *Jin Gui*, why does it not match the original text?" The answer was: "This follows the corrected text of *Yi Zong Jin Jian* (Medical Standard Gold Mirror), which is presumably error-free." The questioner asked: "The discussion states Zhen Zhong is rare and Lei Zhong is common. How to distinguish true from internal?" The answer was: "Sudden collapse is a symptom of both, but Lei Zhong lacks symptoms like deviation of mouth and eyes, numbness, and paralysis." The questioner asked: "Since true and internal are separated, how many types of Lei Zhong are there?" The answer was: "There are eight types of Lei Zhong: 1. Xu Zhong (Deficiency Stroke): Due to Qi deficiency constitution, excessive labor, failure of clear Qi to ascend, causing sudden dizziness/collapse; treat by tonifying Qi. 2. Qi Zhong (Qi Stroke): Due to excess Qi constitution, sudden anger causing Qi rebellion, causing sudden collapse; treat by regulating Qi. 3. Huo Zhong (Fire Stroke): Due to extreme emotions, fire from five zangs erupting internally, causing sudden collapse and unconsciousness; treat with Liang Ge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder). 4. Shi Zhong (Food Stroke): Due to overeating combined with wind-cold, or anger/qi stagnation blocking food, causing sudden fainting; treat by promoting digestion and dispersing. 5. E Zhong (Evil Stroke): Due to visiting tombs/temples, staying in cold houses, invading evil qi, causing sudden delirium, blue-black face, and unconsciousness; treat by expelling evil. Discussions on Summer Heat, Dampness, and Cold Apoplexy are in volumes 4, 6, and 8 respectively. All eight are called Lei Zhong."

Cheng Xi said: "Why does this book take the four categories of *Jin Gui* as the standard, rather than the four categories of Pian Ku (Hemiplegia), Feng Fei (Wind Paralysis), Feng Yi (Wind Aphasia), and Feng Bi (Wind Bi) from *Nei Jing*? After thinking for a long time, I suddenly understood. Pian Ku is hemiplegia; Feng Fei is inability to lift limbs; Feng Yi is sudden aphasia; Feng Bi is generalized body pain. I privately believe that Pian Ku, Feng Fei, and Feng Yi all belong to Zhong Feng, but Feng Bi absolutely cannot be mixed in, lest later students confuse Bi syndrome with Zhong Feng. This is why I follow the Later Sage (Zhang Zhongjing) rather than the Earlier Sage (*Nei Jing*)."

Jiang Cheng said: "Various books divide hemiplegia into Left Tan (Paralysis) and Right Huan (Flaccidity), using Bu Yong (Inability to use) and Bu Ren (Numbness). Tan means flat/relaxed, referring to relaxed tendons and vessels that cannot contract; Huan means scattered, referring to scattered Qi and Blood and inability of bones and tendons to function. Some say the right side is 'Bu Yong' and the left is 'Bu Ren'. Actually, Tan and Bu Ren correspond to the pathogen invading the Collaterals in this discussion; Huan and Bu Yong correspond to the pathogen invading the Meridians. Using these four categories to encompass them is truly concise and comprehensive."