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Those injured by cold are called *Shanghan* (Cold Damage). Cold is one of the Six Qi (Wind, Cold, Summer Heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire); how can it be indiscriminately referred to as such? I have examined that the period when Cold Water dominates is during the solar terms of Minor Snow, Major Snow, Winter Solstice, and Minor Cold, totaling more than sixty days. Specifically, Minor Snow occurs in the tenth month, which is the time when all Yin energies emerge and Cold energy is at its peak; Major Snow and Winter Solstice occur in the eleventh month, and Minor Cold in the twelfth month, marking the season of biting cold. During this time, pathogens encountered by humans belong entirely to diseases of *Shanghan*. One must not confuse with *Shanghan* the diseases contracted during periods governed by Wind-Wood (from Great Cold to Awakening of Insects), Sovereign Fire (from Spring Equinox to Beginning of Summer), Ministerial Fire (from Grain Full to Minor Heat), Damp-Earth (from Great Heat to White Dew), and Dryness-Metal (from Autumn Equinox to Beginning of Winter), etc. However, there are cases that can indeed be termed *Shanghan*, a fact that must not be overlooked. In my previous discussions, I stated that the character "Han" (Cold) in *Shanghan* refers to the Cold of the Cold Water Meridian (Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian, associated with Water element), not the Cold of heat-cold sensation. All six pathogenic factors—Wind, Cold, Summer Heat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire—enter from the exterior and inevitably first injure the Cold Water Meridian; thus, pathogens of all six Qi can be termed *Shanghan*. Nevertheless, there are conditions that cannot be termed *Shanghan*, and their errors must be vigorously refuted. I have heard that specialists in treating *Shanghan* use names such as Warm Disease *Shanghan*, Hot Disease *Shanghan*, Sha Syndrome *Shanghan*, and Carbuncle *Shanghan*. It is unknown that Warm Diseases and Hot Diseases both belong to Hidden Pathogens (latent pathogens), Sha Syndrome arises from sandy filth, and Carbuncles arise from Damp-Heat; how can they be indiscriminately called *Shanghan*? Furthermore, there are names like Phlegm-complicated *Shanghan*, Food-complicated *Shanghan*, Qi-complicated *Shanghan*, and Blood-complicated *Shanghan*. Tracing their origins, Phlegm, Food, Qi, and Blood serve as accompanying syndromes (complications) of *Shanghan*; how can they be indiscriminately called *Shanghan*? Zhang Zhongjing’s original texts never mention these syndromes; I privately suspect them to be fabrications. Later, seeing Mr. Ge Cunju of Wuzhong in his book *Shanghan Butianshi* (Supplementary Stone for Heaven in Shanghan), I found indeed the aforementioned syndrome names, realizing they had sources. Although practitioners need not follow Ge’s book, what they should follow includes Wu Ji’s *Mingli Lun*, Jiayan’s *Shanglun Pian*, Yunbo’s *Laosu Ji*, and Luyu’s *Dacheng Shu*. These are indispensable books for physicians, which students should regard as standards. As for the vulgar indiscriminate naming of *Shanghan* syndromes, it is even more illogical: vomiting at onset is called Wocho *Shanghan*; diarrhea is called Loudi *Shanghan*; hypochondriac pain is called Ci Xie *Shanghan*; mild chills and fever that persistently linger are called Bipi *Shanghan*, also known in Huizhou custom as Hundun *Shanghan* (Chaotic *Shanghan*). The names are numerous and hard to enumerate. In summary, those who contract cold again from Minor Snow to Minor Cold are true *Shanghan*. Those affected by Wind, Summer Heat, Dryness, Dampness, or Fire, which first injure the Cold Water Meridian, may also be called *Shanghan*. However, Warm Diseases, Hot Diseases, Sha Syndromes, and Carbuncles absolutely cannot be mixed into *Shanghan*. Cases complicated by Phlegm, Food, Qi, or Blood are merely accompanying syndromes of *Shanghan*. The rest of these illogical names are unworthy of discussion. Physicians must analyze the Six Qi of the four seasons to distinguish which are Wind/Summer Heat and which are Dryness/Dampness; ultimately, one must not loosely and indiscriminately classify everything as *Shanghan* disease.