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The *Classic of Difficult Issues* (Huangdi Neijing) states: "If sweat does not discharge during the summer heat, wind malaria (Feng Nue) will develop in autumn." The *Compendium of Medicine* (Yi Zong Jin Jian) asserts: "Wind malaria is caused by first being injured by cold, and subsequently by wind." Based on these two statements, the etiology of this syndrome arises from first contracting yin-summerheat (Yin Shu) during the long summer, and then manifesting upon contracting wind in autumn. However, if there is summerheat without wind, only summerheat disease occurs; if there is wind without summerheat, only wind disease occurs. It is only when wind and summerheat combine as pathogenic factors that malaria disease is formed. Although the etiology of this condition is no different from that of summerheat malaria (Shu Nue), and the time of onset is also the same, the clinical manifestations are distinctly different and must be carefully distinguished. Generally, wind malaria presents with less chills and more fever, unlike summerheat malaria which features severe chills and high fever, or where wearing clothes causes irritability while removing them causes chilliness. Wind malaria involves headache and spontaneous sweating, unlike summerheat malaria where the skin is dry and sweatless, requiring profuse sweating before the fever subsides. The pulse in wind malaria is wiry (Xian) and floating (Fu), unlike summerheat malaria where the pulse is purely wiry, or surging (Hong) or soft (Ruan). With such clear differentiation, the prescription will naturally fit the condition. Initially, it is appropriate to use the Acrid-Dispersing Taiyang Method (Xin San Tai Yang Fa) removing Qiang Huo and adding Qin Jiao for treatment. One must wait until the chills and fever are clearly distinguished before proceeding to Harmonizing Methods (He Jie Zhi Fa). Ultimately, one must carefully examine the etiology: disperse if dispersal is indicated, harmonize if harmonization is indicated, tonify if tonification is indicated, or intercept if interception is indicated. This all depends on flexible application during clinical practice.

Jiang Cheng stated: Upon careful observation, both summerheat malaria and wind malaria result from contracting yin-summerheat during the long summer and manifesting in autumn. However, summerheat malaria is triggered by autumn coolness, whereas wind malaria is triggered by autumn wind; distinguishing them in this manner leaves no room for error.

Cold malaria (Han Nue) originates from first contracting yin-cold, or from bathing in cold water, causing cold qi to lie dormant within the muscle interstices (Ji Cou). It subsequently manifests upon being triggered by external wind pathogens. This aligns perfectly with the classic saying: "Cold belongs to Yin Qi, wind belongs to Yang Qi; first injured by cold, then by wind, hence chills precede fever." Generally, the pulse and symptoms of cold malaria present as wiry and tight (Xin Jin) with forceful quality, with a longer duration of chills and shorter duration of fever. It may occur daily or every other day. During attacks, there is headache with slight sweating, or no sweating with dry heat. At this stage, one should follow the ancient instruction regarding "the body feeling like burning charcoal, to be dispersed through sweating," and propose using the Acrid-Dispersing Taiyang Method (Xin San Tai Yang Fa). If the chills and fever arrive at regular intervals, one may then proceed to Harmonizing Methods. Nowadays, practitioners often fail to differentiate the affected meridian and indiscriminately prescribe Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction), which is a grave error.