【歌】头疼声重外伤风，咳嗽憎寒鼻不通。若是重衣兼浓被，肺因壅热内生风。
【论】肺主皮毛，司腠理开阖。然气卫于外，虽有风寒，不能为害。若元气稍虚，不能卫护皮毛，则腠理
疏泄，风邪因得而侵之，内舍于肺。故头疼声重，鼻塞流涕，憎寒壮热，咳嗽咽干之证现焉，此外因于风也。
若平素内火炽盛，乘克肺金，或因重衣浓被，壅热于上，热极则生风，亦有声重鼻塞，咳嗽咽干，音哑之形证
焉，此非外来之风，内因也。因外感者，以辛凉、辛温之剂发散之。因内受者，火甚生风也，以凉、寒苦，兼
升散之剂解之，不可执一治也。
外感
外感风邪，皮毛腠理先受，内舍于肺。风邪束于外，内热不泄，上炎于肺。故鼻塞声重，头目不清而痛，
咳嗽流涕，恶风，轻则参苏饮，重则十神汤。寒月无汗用麻黄汤，有汗桂枝汤。
参苏饮
治感冒风寒，胸胁满闷，咳嗽头疼，身重吐痰，或中脘停痰，憎寒壮热，状如伤寒，用此汤。
人参（上） 苏叶（上） 枳壳（中） 桔梗（中） 陈皮（中） 前胡（中） 半夏（下） 甘草（下）
木香（中） 茯苓（中）
上，用姜三片，水煎服。
天寒感冒，恶寒无汗，鼻塞声重，咳嗽者，加麻黄、杏仁、金沸草汗之。若天气和暖，伤风咳嗽有痰者，
去木香，加桑白皮、杏仁。内有痰热，加片芩。若胸满痰多者，加栝蒌仁、贝母，去半夏。若痰唾如胶者，加
金沸草。若气急，喘不止者，加贝母、苏子、杏仁、五味子，去苏叶。肺寒咳嗽，加干姜、五味子。若热咳嗽，
加片芩、麦冬、荆芥，去半夏、木香。若心下痞满而嗽，加枳实、黄连。若胸中烦热，或停滞酒不散，或嘈杂
恶心，亦加黄连、枳实，再加干葛、陈皮、乌梅，去木香、苏叶。烦躁不宁，加辰砂。表有热，加柴胡。里有
热，加芩、连。头痛、咳嗽加细辛。
十神汤
治时令不正，瘟疫妄行，感冒发热，或欲出疹。此药不问阴、阳，两感风寒，并皆治之。
川芎（一钱） 甘草（炙，七分） 麻黄（一钱） 干葛（一钱） 苏叶（一钱） 升麻（一钱） 赤芍药
（八分） 白芷（一钱） 陈皮（一钱） 香附（一钱）
上锉，一剂，生姜三片，水煎服。
如发热头痛，加连须葱白。中满气实，加枳壳、桔梗。
天气和暖，加黄芩，去麻黄。
麻黄汤（方见发热条。）
桂枝汤（方见恶寒条。）
内受
上焦原有痰火炽盛，肺为火烁，又因衣被浓重，上焦热壅，肺经受伤，虽无外邪，风热内盛。亦有鼻塞声
重，音哑，头目不清，鼻流清涕，咳嗽之证，防风通圣散、消风百解散主之。
防风通圣散（方见中风条。）
消风百解散
荆芥（上） 白芷（中） 陈皮（上，去白） 麻黄（中，去节） 苍术（中） 甘草（下）
上，用葱白、生姜煎服。
如咳嗽，加乌梅。
川芎茶调散
治诸风上攻，头目昏重，鼻塞声壅及偏正头疼。
薄荷（上） 川芎（次） 羌活（中） 甘草（中） 白芷（中） 防风（下） 荆芥（次）
上为细末，每服二钱，食后茶清调下。
头痛，倍川芎、羌活，加细辛。咳嗽痰多，加前胡、金沸草。
[Song] Headache and heavy voice indicate external wind pathogen; cough, aversion to cold, and nasal congestion are present. If wearing thick clothes and heavy quilts, lung qi becomes obstructed with heat, generating internal wind.
[Discussion] The Lung governs the skin and hair, and controls the opening and closing of the couli (pores). Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) protects the exterior; thus, even if Wind-Cold pathogens are present, they cannot cause harm. However, if Yuan Qi (Original Qi) is slightly deficient and unable to protect the skin and hair, the couli become loose and leaky, allowing Wind pathogens to invade and lodge internally in the Lung. Consequently, symptoms such as headache, heavy voice, nasal congestion with runny nose, aversion to cold with high fever, cough, and dry throat appear; this is due to an external Wind pathogen. If one normally has excessive internal fire that overacts on Metal (Lung), or if wearing thick clothes and heavy quilts causes heat to accumulate in the upper jiao, extreme heat generates wind. This also results in symptoms like heavy voice, nasal congestion, cough, dry throat, and hoarseness; this is not an external Wind pathogen but an internal cause. For cases caused by external contraction, disperse them using acrid-cool or acrid-warm formulas. For cases caused by internal reception, where excessive fire generates wind, resolve them using cooling, cold, and bitter agents combined with ascending and dispersing agents; do not adhere rigidly to a single treatment method.
External Contraction
When contracting Wind pathogens externally, the skin, hair, and couli are affected first, and the pathogen lodges internally in the Lung. The Wind pathogen binds the exterior, preventing internal heat from dissipating, which flares upward to scorch the Lung. Thus, symptoms include nasal congestion, heavy voice, unclear head and eyes with pain, cough, runny nose, and aversion to wind. For mild cases, use Shen Su Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Decoction); for severe cases, use Shi Shen Tang (Ten Divine Agents Decoction). In cold months without sweat, use Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction); with sweat, use Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction).
Shen Su Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Decoction)
Treats cold damage from Wind-Cold, chest and hypochondriac fullness and oppression, cough with headache, heavy body with expectoration, phlegm retention in the Zhongwan (epigastrium), aversion to cold with high fever, resembling Taiyang disease. Use this decoction.
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Zi Su Ye (Perillae Folium), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Fu Ling (Poria).
Crush the above ingredients, add three slices of fresh ginger, and decoct with water for oral administration.
In cold weather with cold damage, aversion to cold, absence of sweat, nasal congestion with heavy voice, and cough, add Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), and Jin Fei Cao (Boraginis Herba) to induce sweating. If the weather is warm, with wind damage causing cough and phlegm, remove Mu Xiang and add Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex) and Xing Ren. If there is internal phlegm-heat, add Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix). If there is chest fullness with abundant phlegm, add Gua Lou Ren (Trichosanthis Semen) and Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus), and remove Ban Xia. If sputum is sticky like glue, add Jin Fei Cao. If there is rapid breathing and unceasing wheezing, add Bei Mu, Su Zi (Perillae Fructus), Xing Ren, and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus), and remove Zi Su Ye. For Lung-cold cough, add Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Wu Wei Zi. For heat-induced cough, add Huang Qin, Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), and Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba), and remove Ban Xia and Mu Xiang. If there is epigastric stuffiness and cough, add Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) and Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma). If there is chest irritability and heat, or alcohol stagnation not resolving, or heartburn and nausea, also add Huang Lian, Zhi Shi, plus Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Chen Pi, and Wu Mei (Mume Fructus), and remove Mu Xiang and Zi Su Ye. For restlessness and agitation, add Chen Sha (Cinnabar). For exterior heat, add Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix). For interior heat, add Huang Qin and Huang Lian. For headache and cough, add Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma).
Shi Shen Tang (Ten Divine Agents Decoction)
Treats irregular seasonal climates, rampant epidemics, cold damage with fever, or impending eruption of rashes. This medicine treats both Yin and Yang patterns, as well as simultaneous contraction of Wind-Cold.
Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), Gan Ge (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Zi Su Ye (Perillae Folium), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma).
Cut into pieces, take one dose, add three slices of fresh ginger, and decoct with water for oral administration.
If there is fever and headache, add Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus) with roots. If there is middle-jiao fullness and excess qi, add Zhi Ke and Jie Geng.
If the weather is warm, add Huang Qin and remove Ma Huang.
Ma Huang Tang (See formula under Fever section).
Gui Zhi Tang (See formula under Aversion to Cold section).
Internal Reception
The Upper Jiao originally has excessive phlegm-fire, scorching the Lung. Due to heavy clothing and bedding, heat accumulates in the Upper Jiao, injuring the Lung meridian. Although there is no external pathogen, Wind-Heat is abundant internally. Symptoms also include nasal congestion with heavy voice, hoarseness, unclear head and eyes, clear nasal discharge, and cough. Treat primarily with Fang Feng Tong Sheng San (Wind-Dispersing Universal Salvation Powder) and Xiao Feng Bai Jie San (Wind-Eliminating Hundred-Resolution Powder).
Fang Feng Tong Sheng San (See formula under Stroke section).
Xiao Feng Bai Jie San (Wind-Eliminating Hundred-Resolution Powder)
Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white part removed), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, nodes removed), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Decoct with Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus) and fresh ginger for oral administration.
If there is cough, add Wu Mei (Mume Fructus).
Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San (Ligusticum Tea-Regulating Powder)
Treats various Wind pathogens attacking upward, causing dizziness and heaviness of the head and eyes, nasal congestion with muffled voice, and lateral or frontal headaches.
Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba).
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with clear tea after meals.
For headache, double the dosage of Chuan Xiong and Qiang Huo, and add Xi Xin. For cough with abundant phlegm, add Qian Hu and Jin Fei Cao.