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The *Jia Yi Jing* (Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) states: From the Dazhui (GV14) acupoint down to the coccyx, there are twenty-one vertebral segments with a total length of three chi. Based on this proportion, the Shu acupoints can be located. Another view holds that above the first vertebra, there is another Dazhui point, located in a hollow depression where there is no bone; if there is bone appearing hollow or depressed, that constitutes the first vertebra. If one uses the method of "from Dazhui to the coccyx, twenty-one vertebrae totaling three chi" for calibration, then each vertebral segment measures one cun and four fen. However, below the seventh vertebra down to the spinal muscle bone (Lügu), there is an additional seven-sevenths of length. Therefore, the upper seven segments collectively measure nine cun, eight fen, and seven-sevenths; the lower fourteen segments each measure one cun, four fen, and slightly more than five-tenths; and the subsequent seven segments collectively measure two cun, one fen, and one-third. This is also one interpretation. Nevertheless, the first vertebra possesses bone, which counts as a bony joint; although Dazhui lacks bone, it is indeed the name of an acupoint. Since it is stated "from Dazhui down to the twenty-first vertebra," how can one fail to measure the distance below Dazhui? The argument that Dazhui has no bone and thus requires no measurement is illogical.

From the inferior border of the xiphoid process (Bigu) to the umbilicus, the distance is eight cun, with Zhongwan (CV12) situated exactly in the middle (four cun above and four cun below). The *Qi Lun Zhu* notes that Zhongwan lies midway between the heart, the xiphoid process, and the umbilicus, which is correct.

According to the *Mingtang Chang Xia Jing*, Jiawei (CV15) is located five fen below the xiphoid process at the front of the chest. If a person lacks a xiphoid process, the location is one cun downward from the junction of the costal cartilages (Qigu). To accurately locate Zhongvan, one must carefully determine the presence or absence of the xiphoid process. Additionally, measurements should be adjusted according to the individual's height and body constitution (fat or thin). One and half cun below the umbilicus is Qihai (CV6); three cun below is Dantian (CV4); up to the flexed bone (Qugu) is a total of five cun. The *Qianjin Fang* states that the flexed bone is five cun below the umbilicus. The *Mingtang Xia Jing* also states that the flexed bone is one cun below Zhongji (CV3) on the pubic bone. Measurements should similarly be calibrated based on the person's height and build.

The *Tongren Jing* records: Youmen (BL22) is located five fen lateral to Juque (CV14); Huangshu (BL23) is located five fen lateral to the umbilicus (the *Mingtang Jing* states it is five fen lateral to Juque and one and half cun lateral to Shangwan, totaling three cun). Burong (ST21) is located one and half cun lateral to Youmen. Tianshu (ST25) is one and half cun lateral to Huangshu, flanking the umbilicus. Qimen (LR14) is located one and half cun lateral to Burong. Daheng (SP15) is directly lateral to the umbilicus (Since Burong, Tianshu, and Qimen are spaced one and half cun apart, the claim that Youmen and Huangshu are five fen apart is erroneous). It further states: Shenshu (BL23) is located one and half cun lateral to the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra (actually 14th dorsal/1st lumbar depending on counting, text says 14th vertebra), level with the umbilicus. Huangmen (BL52) is located at the thirteenth vertebra, three cun apart laterally, vertically aligned with Jiawei. Since Shenshu is level with the umbilicus, and Huangmen aligns vertically with Jiawei, this relationship is also questionable.

The *Jia Yi Jing* records: For a person seven chi five cun tall, the distance from the hairline to the chin (Yi) is one chi; from the laryngeal prominence (Jiehou) to Tianshu is eight cun; from Tianshu to the pubic symphysis (Henggu) is six and a half cun; from the medial condyle of the femur/tibia upper margin to lower margin is three and a half cun; from the lower margin of the medial condyle to the medial malleolus is one chi three cun; from the medial malleolus to the ground is three cun. Furthermore, from the knee to the dorsum of the foot connection is one chi six cun; from the dorsum of the foot connection to the ground is three cun. Also, from the shoulder to the elbow is one chi seven cun; from the elbow to the wrist is one chi two and a half cun; from the wrist to the end of the proximal phalanx of the middle finger is four and a half cun.