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Qibo stated: Treating contrary to the disease's manifestation is called "direct treatment" (Zheng Zhi), while treating in accordance with the false manifestation is called "reverse treatment" (Fan Zhi). The dosage or frequency, whether adhering to the lesser or greater extent, should be observed according to the specific circumstances. The Yellow Emperor asked: If a patient with heat syndrome undergoes cold treatment but the heat persists; or a patient with cold syndrome undergoes hot treatment but the cold persists, and both conditions exist simultaneously with new diseases arising, how should they be treated? Qibo replied: For those whose heat persists despite cold treatment, one should seek the root in Yin; for those whose cold persists despite hot treatment, one should seek the root in Yang. This is referred to as "seeking its affiliation" (Qiu Qi Shu), i.e., identifying the fundamental nature of the disease.

The *Ba Zheng Shen Ming Lun* (Treatise on Eight Upright Divine Spirits) states: When the weather is warm and sunny, human blood flows freely and abundantly, and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) floats superficially; thus, blood is easily dispersed, and Qi moves readily. When the weather is cold and cloudy, human blood becomes stagnant and sluggish, and Wei Qi sinks deep. Therefore, acupuncture should be avoided when the weather is cold; when the weather is warm, coagulation does not occur (treatment can proceed normally); during the waxing moon, draining methods should be avoided; during the full moon, tonifying methods should be avoided; during the waning moon, treatment should be suspended. This is called regulating the body in accordance with the seasons and timing.

The *Gu Kong Lun* (Treatise on Bone Gaps) states: In the moxibustion method for treating cold-heat syndromes, first moxa the Da Zhui (Dazhui, GV14) point at the nape of the neck, applying the number of moxa cones equal to the patient's age. Next, moxa the Jugu (Jiegu, GV8) point at the tip of the coccyx, again using the number of cones equal to the age. Observe any depressions in the Back-Shu points on the back and apply moxa there. Raise the arm and moxa the depression at the top of the shoulder. Moxa between the two costal margins. Moxa the end of the Juegu (Xuanzhong, GB39) point above the lateral malleolus. Moxa between the little toe and the second toe. Moxa any depressed vessels. Moxa behind the lateral malleolus. If pressing above the clavicle (Quepen area) reveals hardness and pain resembling a tendon, apply moxa. Moxa the depression between the bones in the chest (Yingzhong area). Moxa below the bundled bones of the palm. Moxa three cun below the umbilicus at the Guanyuan (CV4) point. Moxa the arterial pulse at the pubic hairline. Moxa the space between muscles three cun below the knee. Moxa the arterial pulse on the dorsum of the foot belonging to the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. Moxa once at the vertex (Baihui, GV20). For areas bitten by dogs, apply three moxa cones. In total, twenty-nine locations should be moxa-ed. For food stagnation, moxa may also be applied. If the condition does not improve after moxa, one must examine the meridians passing through the Yang aspects, frequently puncture their Shu points, and administer herbal medicine.

Diseases presenting with cold and heat symptoms arise from an imbalance or excess of Yin and Yang. Generally, Yang excess leads to heat due to Yin deficiency. Yin excess leads to cold due to Yang deficiency. Thus it is said: Fever accompanied by aversion to cold indicates onset from Yang; absence of fever but presence of aversion to cold indicates onset from Yin. These cold-heat diseases present differently, so the distinction of Yin and Yang must not be neglected. Furthermore, external cold-heat results from exogenous Wind-Cold invasion; internal cold-heat results from internal injury to Zang-Fu organs. Since the causes differ, the distinction of Exterior and Interior must not be neglected. Although it is said that Yang syndromes often involve heat and Yin syndromes often involve cold, extreme heat may paradoxically present with cold signs (True Heat, False Cold), and extreme cold may paradoxically present with heat signs (True Cold, False Heat); thus, the distinction of True and False must not be neglected. Although it is said that exogenous pathogens are often Excess patterns, and endogenous pathogens are often Deficiency patterns, Yang excess generates exterior heat, Yang deficiency generates exterior cold, Yin excess generates interior cold, and Yin deficiency generates interior heat; thus, the distinction of Excess and Deficiency must not be neglected. In such cases, there are symptoms to rely upon, pulses to diagnose, and etiologies to inquire about. Moreover, the classic texts have already revealed these profound secrets, listed in previous sections. I have also written a "Chapter on Cold and Heat," which details the syndromes, found in the first volume. Additionally, the "Shanghan Section" contains distinctions of cold and heat. By carefully seeking the principles through this, one can fully grasp the essentials, making differentiation and treatment naturally straightforward.

1. Regarding the chapter on True and False Cold and Heat, the theoretical details are found in Volume 1 and under the section discussing Deficient Fire in the Fire Syndromes category.
2. Regarding the theory of Direct and Reverse Treatment methods, see the Treatise on Treatment in Volume 1.