辛苦温，无毒。形如枯骨，味苦，色淡黄者良。味咸、色黑勿用。生用理气，煨
熟止泻。
《本经》主邪气，辟毒疫，强志，主淋露。
发明 木香气香味浓，不独沉而下降，盖能理胃以下气滞，乃三焦气分之药。兼入肺、
脾、肝三经，能升降诸气，故上焦气滞 郁宜之者，金郁则泄之也。然虽入肺而肺燥气上者
，良非所宜。其中焦气滞不运宜之者，以脾胃喜芳香也。下焦气滞后重宜之者，塞者通之也
。若治中脘气滞不运，心腹疼痛，以槟榔佐之，使气下则结痛下散矣。《本经》辟疫毒邪气
，强志，主淋露，以其辛燥助阳，善开阴经伏匿之邪。《大明》治心腹一切气，膀胱冷痛，
呕逆反胃，霍乱泻痢，健脾消食安胎。甄权治九种心痛，积年冷气， 癖症块胀痛，壅气上
冲，烦闷，羸劣，女人血气刺痛不可忍。然香燥而偏于阳，肺经有热，血枯而燥，及阴火冲
上者勿服。
甘温，无毒。
发明 甘松芳香升窜，能开脾郁，少加脾胃药中甚醒脾气。主恶气卒心腹痛满，风疳齿
。得白芷、白附子良；香港脚膝肿，煎汤淋洗效。
辛温，无毒。
发明 山柰芳香，入阳明暖胃，辟瘴疠恶气，治心腹冷气痛，寒湿霍乱，风虫牙痛，皆
芳香正气之力也。
辛大温，无毒。煨熟用。子名红豆蔻。
发明 良姜辛热纯阳，上升入足阳明、太阴二经。为客寒所犯，则逆冷霍乱，腹痛诸病
生焉。辛温暖脾胃而逐寒邪，则胃中冷逆自除，霍乱腹痛自愈。甄权治腹内久冷气痛，去风
冷痹弱。《大明》主转筋，泻利反胃，解酒毒，消食。苏颂治恶心呕清水，皆取暖胃温中散
寒之功也。而寒疝小腹掣痛须同茴香用之。产后下焦虚寒，瘀血不行，小腹结痛者加用之。
若胃火作呕，伤暑，霍乱禁用，为其温燥也。红豆蔻辛温，主水泻霍乱，心腹绞痛，止呕
进食，大补命门相火，故正元丹中用之。然能动火伤目致衄，不宜久服。
[Mu Xiang]
Pungent, bitter, warm, non-toxic. Resembling withered bone in shape, those with a bitter taste and pale yellow color are of good quality. Those with a salty taste and black color should not be used. Raw use regulates Qi; baked (stir-fried with bran) use stops diarrhea.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats pathogenic factors, wards off toxic epidemics, strengthens the will, and treats lin loo (a condition characterized by dribbling urine due to deficiency or damp-heat).
[Commentary]
Mu Xiang has a rich aroma and flavor. It is not only sinking and descending but also regulates Stomach Qi to resolve Qi stagnation; it is a herb acting on the Qi aspect of the San Jiao (Triple Burner). It enters the Lung, Spleen, and Liver meridians, regulating the ascending and descending of all Qi. Therefore, it is suitable for Qi stagnation and depression in the Upper Jiao, following the principle "when Metal is stagnant, vent it." However, although it enters the Lung meridian, it is not suitable for patients with Lung dryness and rebellious Qi. It is suitable for Qi stagnation and failure of transportation in the Middle Jiao because the Spleen and Stomach favor aromatic scents. It is suitable for Qi stagnation with tenesmus in the Lower Jiao, following the principle "obstruction requires unblocking." To treat Qi stagnation and failure of transportation at the Zhongwan point (CV12), causing heart and abdominal pain, it can be combined with Bing Lang (Areca Seed); this causes Qi to descend, thereby dispersing the knot and pain. *Shennong Bencao Jing* mentions it wards off epidemic toxic pathogenic factors, strengthens the will, and treats lin loo, because its pungent, warm, and drying nature assists Yang, effectively opening up pathogens hidden within the Yin meridians. *Mingyi Bielu* states it treats all kinds of Qi pain in the heart and abdomen, cold pain in the Bladder, vomiting and regurgitation, cholera-like diarrhea and dysentery, strengthens the Spleen, aids digestion, and calms the fetus. Zhen Quan states it treats nine types of heartache, chronic cold Qi, phlegm masses with distension and pain, obstructed Qi rushing upward, irritability, emaciation, and unbearable stabbing blood-Qi pain in women. However, since it is aromatic, drying, and biased towards Yang, it should not be taken by those with Heat in the Lung meridian, blood dryness, or rising Yin Fire.
[Gao Liang Jiang - Note: The text segment labeled "Gan Wen" actually refers to Gan Song based on context, but strictly translating the provided text structure which lists properties then commentary]:
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Commentary]
Gan Song (Nardostachys Rhizome) has an aromatic and ascending/scattering nature, capable of opening Spleen depression. Adding a small amount to Spleen and Stomach formulas greatly awakens Spleen Qi. It treats sudden heart and abdominal pain and fullness caused by foul odors/pathogens, and wind-related gan (parasitic disease affecting teeth). It works well when combined with Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root) and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata); for jiaogong (foot disease/beriberi) with knee swelling, boiling it into a decoction for washing is effective.
[Shan Nai]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Commentary]
Shan Nai (Kaempferia Galanga Rhizome) is aromatic, enters the Yangming meridian to warm the Stomach, wards off miasma and foul odors, and treats cold Qi pain in the heart and abdomen, cold-damp cholera, and wind-worm toothache. These effects are all due to its power of aromatic rectification of Qi.
[Gao Liang Jiang]
Pungent, very warm, non-toxic. Use after baking. The seed is called Hong Dou Kou (Red Cardamom).
[Commentary]
Gao Liang Jiang (Galangal Rhizome) is pungent, hot, and purely Yang, ascending and entering the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Taiyin meridians. When attacked by exogenous cold, conditions such as rebellious cold, cholera, and abdominal pain arise. Its pungent warmth warms the Spleen and Stomach and expels cold pathogens, thereby eliminating cold rebellion in the Stomach and curing cholera and abdominal pain. Zhen Quan states it treats chronic cold Qi pain in the abdomen and removes wind-cold bi-syndrome and weakness. *Mingyi Bielu* states it treats muscle cramps, diarrhea/dysentery with regurgitation, resolves alcohol toxicity, and aids digestion. Su Song states it treats nausea and vomiting of clear water, all attributing these effects to its ability to warm the Stomach, warm the middle, and dispel cold. For cold hernia with pulling pain in the lower abdomen, it must be used together with Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit). For postpartum deficiency-cold in the lower Jiao with unexpelled blood stasis and knotted pain in the lower abdomen, it should be added. However, it is contraindicated for vomiting due to Stomach Fire, summerheat injury, and cholera, due to its warming and drying nature. Hong Dou Kou (Red Cardamom) is pungent and warm, treating watery diarrhea and cholera, heart and abdominal colic, stopping vomiting, promoting appetite, and strongly tonifying the Mingmen (Gate of Life) ministerial fire; thus, it is used in Zheng Yuan Dan. However, it can stir up fire, damage the eyes, and cause epistaxis, so it should not be taken for long periods.