辛苦温，无毒。香而燥者良，臭而润者勿用。
《本经》主妇人疝瘕，阴中寒肿痛，腹中急，除风头痛，长肌肤，悦颜色。
发明 本性升，属阳，为足太阳寒郁经中，头项巅顶痛及大寒犯脑连齿颊痛之专药。
女人阴肿疝疼，督脉为病，脊强而厥，亦多用之。雾露之邪中于上焦，须兼木香。风客于胃
泄泻，脾胃药中宜加用之。今人只知 本为治巅顶头脑之药，而《本经》治妇人疝瘕，腹中
急，阴中寒等证，皆太阳经寒湿为病，亦属客邪内犯之候，故用 本去风除湿，则中外之疾
皆瘳，岂特除风头痛而已哉。云长肌肤，悦颜色者，外用作面脂之类是也。但头痛挟内热，
春夏温病，热病，头痛，口渴及产后血虚，火炎头痛，皆不可服。
即都梁香
辛苦温，无毒。
《本经》主女人漏下赤白，血闭阴肿，寒热头风，侵目泪出，长肌肤，润泽颜色，可作
面脂。
发明 白芷辛香升发，行手阳明。性温气浓，行足阳明。芳香上达，入手太阴。为解利
阳明风热头痛，及寒热头风，侵目泪出之要药。其所主之病不离三经∶如寒热头风，眉棱骨
痛，头目齿痛，三经之风热也。漏下赤白，痈疽，头面皮肤风痹燥痒，三经之湿热也。风热
者辛以散之，湿热者温以除之。都梁丸治崩漏赤白，深得《本经》之旨。性善祛风，女人漏
下赤白，皆风入胞门所致。辛香入脾，故又能散温，血闭阴肿及寒热头风，侵目泪出，总取
辛散利窍之功。其长肌肤，润泽颜色者，则有排脓长肉之力，所以外科用之。痘疹起胀，连
皮肿者，于解毒药内用之，预杜将来发痒之患。今人用治肠痈，有败脓淋露不已，腥秽殊甚
，遂致脐腹冷痛，须此排脓，脓尽乃以他药补之。烧烟辟虫蛇。为末，新汲水调，频灌解蛇
毒内攻。和胆矾、麝香掺蛇伤溃烂。但性温而升，味苦而散。故呕吐因于热者、漏下赤白因
于火者勿用。痈疽溃后亦宜渐减，以其能耗胃气也。
[Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix)]
Acrid, bitter, warm, non-toxic. Those with a strong fragrance and dry texture are of good quality; those with a foul odor and moist texture should not be used.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Classic of Materia Medica) states: It primarily treats gynecological masses (abdominal lumps), cold and painful swelling in the yin region, abdominal urgency and pain, expels wind-induced headache, promotes skin growth, and enhances complexion.
[Invention]
Bai Zhi has an ascending nature and belongs to Yang. It is a specific herb for treating pain in the head, neck, and vertex caused by cold stagnation in the Foot-Taiyang Bladder meridian, as well as pain in the teeth and cheeks caused by severe cold invading the brain.
For women with yin swelling and hernia pain, which are diseases of the Du vessel (manifesting as spinal rigidity and厥/vertigo), this herb is also frequently used. When mist and dew pathogens invade the Upper Jiao, it must be combined with Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix). When wind lodges in the Stomach causing diarrhea, it is suitable to add Bai Zhi to spleen and stomach formulas. Nowadays, people only know Bai Zhi as a herb for treating vertex and head pain, but the conditions described in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* such as gynecological masses, abdominal urgency, and cold in the yin region all belong to cold-dampness pathologies of the Foot-Taiyang meridian, representing internal invasion by external pathogens. Therefore, using Bai Zhi to expel wind and remove dampness cures both internal and external diseases, not merely wind-induced headaches. The statements "promotes skin growth" and "enhances complexion" refer to its external use in facial creams. However, if headache is accompanied by internal heat, or in spring-summer warm diseases, febrile diseases with headache and thirst, or postpartum blood deficiency with fire flaming upward causing headache, it must not be taken.
Also known as Duliang Xiang
Acrid, bitter, warm, non-toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: It primarily treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women, blood obstruction with yin swelling, alternating chills and fever with head wind, wind invading the eyes causing tearing, promotes skin growth, moisturizes the complexion, and can be made into facial cream.
[Invention]
Bai Zhi is acrid and fragrant with an ascending and dispersing action, entering the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian. Its warm nature and dense qi enter the Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian. Its aromatic aroma reaches upwards, entering the Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian. It is a key herb for resolving Yangming wind-heat headache, as well as alternating chills and fever with head wind and wind invading the eyes causing tearing. The diseases it treats do not depart from these three meridians: such as alternating chills and fever, headache, supraorbital pain, and pain in the head, eyes, and teeth, which are wind-heat of the three meridians; leukorrhea, carbuncles and sores, wind-bi and dry itching of the head and face skin, which are damp-heat of the three meridians. For wind-heat, acrid flavors disperse it; for damp-heat, warm properties remove it. Duliang Wan treats metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, deeply grasping the purport of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Bai Zhi's nature is good at expelling wind; leukorrhea in women is caused by wind entering the uterus. Acrid and fragrant herbs enter the Spleen, thus it can also scatter cold and warm the middle. For blood obstruction, yin swelling, and alternating chills and fever with head wind and tearing, it mainly utilizes the merit of acrid dispersion and opening orifices. Regarding promoting skin growth and moisturizing the complexion, it relies on its power to drain pus and generate flesh, hence it is commonly used in surgery. During the distension stage of smallpox/rash where the skin swells, it is added to detoxifying formulas to prevent future itching. Nowadays, it is used to treat intestinal abscess; if foul pus flows incessantly with severe odor causing cold pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, it is needed to drain the pus, after which other tonifying medicines are used. Burning smoke repels insects and snakes. Ground into powder and mixed with fresh water, it is frequently administered to resolve internal attack of snake venom. Mixed with Alum (Vitriolum) and Musk, it is applied to snake bite ulcers. However, its nature is warm and ascending, and its flavor is bitter and dispersing. Therefore, vomiting due to heat and leukorrhea due to fire should not use it. After carbuncles and sores ulcerate, the dosage should be gradually reduced because it consumes Stomach Qi.