本名鲔鱼，生江中，长丈余，身无鳞，鼻与身等，亦 属也
甘平无毒。
发明 此鱼味虽美，而发诸药毒，动风气，发一切疮疥，久食令人腰痛。服丹石人忌之
。勿与干笋同食发瘫痪风。小儿食之成咳嗽及症瘕。作 虽珍，亦不益人。
本名 鱼，即 鱼 甘温小毒。赤目赤须无腮者杀人，不可合牛肝食。反荆芥。
发明 鱼类蛇，故能治风。凡口眼 斜，切活 鱼尾尖，朝吻贴之即正。
甘平微毒。反荆芥。
发明 无鳞之鱼不益人，发疮疥，不独黄颡为然。
一名 鱼
甘平小毒。
发明 诸鱼皆用翅尾游行，惟鲚不劳翅尾，逐队齐行，故以命名。种类不一，独产江水
中者应春而起，味极鲜美，性专降泄。故败疽痔漏人忌食，诸鲚皆然。
甘温有毒。海中者大毒，江中者次之，淡水中者又次之。有大小二种，大者谓之
河豚，背淡青黑，无赤斑，腹白而翅傍色黄者可食。小者名斑鱼，背脊黑有纹点，多赤色，
其毒最甚，以禀蛟龙之气最甚也。海人言三月后斑鱼得木气全盛之时，尤不宜食。其双尾独
目，翅赤、嘴赤异常，背有赤印，颔内无腮，腹中多血，独腴无胆，皆大毒伤人。制食之法
，须去其子与嘴目及脊中肝内恶血，并去周身脂膜，则不气腥，煮忌煤火及煤炱落入，与荆
芥、桔梗、菊花、甘草、附子、乌头相反，故食河豚三日内不可服药。河豚子必久渍锻石水
中，而后煮食，曾见水浸一夜大如芡实也，中其毒则唇舌麻瞀，头旋目眩，足不任履，行步
欹侧，急宜探吐，随觅荻芽或芦根，捣汁灌之。橄榄汁、甘草汁皆可解。又槐花、干胭脂等
分为末，水调服之。若腹中绞痛昏迷倒仆者，急用粪清灌之，迟则不救。
发明 凡物之美者谓之尤物，靡不贾毒伤人，如妲己亡殷，夷光倾吴，蒙其祸而不自觉
也。河豚嗜咸，内藏信智，外显文利，窄口巨腹，阴毒内蓄可知。凡阴毒之物必藉阳气而为
鼓午，得春升之令而浮游水面。非信而乎散子必入淡水，既生必归巨海。非智而乎，得咸则
肥；得淡则瘦。所以淡水中者，其毒渐解而不致伤人之甚也。以其味美人争食之。春初为贵
品，其腹腴呼为西施乳。南人有云，凡鱼之无鳞、无腮、无胆、有声、目能眨者，皆有毒。
河豚目能开合，触之则曳曳有声，嗔怒则腹胀，如球浮起水面，故人得以取之。其毒入肝助
火，莫有甚于此者。患痈疡香港脚人切不可食，助湿发毒动气，其患最速。惟取其子同蜈蚣烧
研，香油调搽疥癣有效。抉其目拌轻粉埋地中化水，拔妇人脚上鸡眼，可以脱根。
[Background Information]
Book: Benjing Fengyuan (Supplement to the Materia Medica)
Author: Zhang Lu
Dynasty: Qing
Chapter: Sturgeon / ... / Pufferfish (Total 5 sections)
Category: Comprehensive
[Original Text Processing]
Originally named Tunyu (Tuna), it lives in rivers, grows over ten feet long, has no scales on its body, and its nose is as large as its body. It also belongs to [the category of fish].
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Invention/Commentary: Although this fish tastes delicious, it triggers the toxicity of various medicines, stirs up wind-pathogens, induces all kinds of sores and scabies, and prolonged consumption causes lower back pain. Those taking cinnabar and sulfur (Dan Shi) should avoid it. Do not eat it together with dried bamboo shoots, as this may induce paralysis-wind. If children consume it, they may develop coughs and abdominal masses (Zheng Jia). Although considered a delicacy, it does not benefit the human body.
Originally named [Blank] Fish, which is [Blank] Fish.
Sweet, warm, slightly toxic. Those with red eyes, red whiskers, and no gill covers are lethal and must not be eaten with beef liver. It is incompatible with Schizonepetae Herba (Jingjie).
Invention/Commentary: The [Blank] fish resembles snakes; therefore, it can treat wind-diseases. For any case of facial paralysis (deviation of mouth and eyes), cut off the tip of a live [Blank] fish's tail and apply it facing the corner of the mouth immediately to correct the deviation.
Sweet, neutral, slightly toxic. Incompatible with Schizeneptae Herba (Jingjie).
Invention/Commentary: Scaleless fish do not benefit humans and induce sores and scabies; this is true not only for Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Huangsang).
Also known as [Blank] Fish.
Sweet, neutral, slightly toxic.
Invention/Commentary: All fish swim using fins and tails, but Coilia nasus (Jie) does not need to exert effort with fins or tails; they move in schools in unison, hence the name. There are various species, but those produced in river water emerge with spring, taste extremely fresh and delicious, and have a nature that specifically descends and drains. Therefore, patients with gangrenous ulcers, hemorrhoids, and fistulas should avoid eating them; this applies to all Coilia species.
Sweet, warm, toxic. Those from the sea are highly toxic, those from rivers are moderately toxic, and those from freshwater are least toxic. There are two sizes: the larger one is called Hepu (Pufferfish); if its back is pale blue-black without red spots, its belly is white, and the color beside the fins is yellow, it is edible. The smaller one is named Ban Yu (Spotted Fish); its dorsal spine is black with patterned spots and mostly reddish. Its toxicity is the most severe because it inherits the qi of dragons and flood serpents to the greatest extent. Sea people say that after the third month, when the Wood qi is at its peak, Spotted Fish are especially unsuitable for consumption. Those with double tails, single eyes, unusually red fins and mouths, red marks on the back, no gill covers under the chin, excessive blood in the abdomen, uniquely plump flesh but no gallbladder, all contain high toxins harmful to humans. Methods for preparation and consumption require removing its roe, mouth, eyes, and the foul blood within the liver in the spinal column, as well as removing the fat membrane around the entire body, so that it will not smell fishy. Boiling must avoid coal fires and falling coal soot. It is incompatible with Schizonepetae Herba (Jingjie), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), and Aconiti Radix (Wutou); therefore, one must not take medicine within three days after eating pufferfish. Pufferfish roe must be soaked for a long time in lime water before boiling for consumption. I have seen it swell to the size of Euryale Semen (Qianshi) after soaking in water overnight. Poisoning manifests as numbness and confusion of the lips and tongue, dizziness and vertigo, inability of the feet to bear weight, and staggering gait. One should promptly induce vomiting, then seek Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lugen) or reed buds, crush them to extract juice, and administer it. Olive juice and licorice juice can both detoxify. Also, equal parts Sophorae Flos (Huaihua) and dried Chinese madder root (Ganyanzhi) ground into powder, mixed with water and taken orally, can help. If there is severe abdominal colic, coma, and collapse, urgently administer clear urine (Fenqing); delay means death cannot be saved.
Invention/Commentary: All beautiful things are called "Youwu" (enticing objects), none of which do not carry poison and harm people, just as Daji caused the fall of Yin, and Xishi (Yiguang) led to the decline of Wu; they suffer the disaster without realizing it. Pufferfish loves saltiness, hides trust and wisdom inside, displays elegance and profit outside, has a narrow mouth and huge belly, indicating that yin-toxins are accumulated internally. All yin-toxic substances must rely on yang qi to act as a catalyst, obtaining the ascending command of spring to float on the water surface. Is it not trustworthy that when scattering eggs, they must enter freshwater, and once born, they return to the great sea? Is it not wise that they become fat with saltiness and thin with freshness? Therefore, those in freshwater have their toxicity gradually resolved and do not harm humans severely. Because of their delicious taste, people compete to eat them. Early spring is considered a premium product, and their plump bellies are called "Xi Shi's Milk." People in the south say that any fish without scales, without gill covers, without a gallbladder, making sounds, and capable of blinking its eyes, is toxic. Pufferfish eyes can open and close; when touched, they make a dragging sound; when angry, their bellies swell like a ball floating on the water surface, allowing people to catch them. Their toxin enters the Liver and assists fire; nothing is more severe than this. Patients with carbuncles, sores, or beriberi (Hongjiao) must absolutely not eat it, as it aids dampness, triggers toxins, and stirs qi, causing the fastest onset of disease. Only by taking its roe, burning it together with Scolopendra (Wugong), grinding it into powder, and mixing it with sesame oil for application, is it effective for scabies and tinea. Extract its eyes, mix with Calamina (Qingfen), bury it in the ground until it dissolves into water, and apply it to remove corns on women's feet, which can remove the root.