（本经中品）
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主风寒洗洗，霍乱，泄痢，肠鸣，上下无常处，惊痫，寒热百疾。
【核】曰∶女菀，即白菀。与紫菀同类，紫白虽异，生成则一也。畏卤咸。
【 】曰∶白菀与紫菀功用，似同而异，紫主寒热气结在中，致病上中及下；白主风寒
寒热，气结在枢，亦病上中及下，兼见内外开阖之象，故上下无尝，内外不定，菀从结枢，
解即分散，则呕逆自开，泄痢自阖，惊痫自平，寒热自除矣。并偏于从枢解表，从枢利小水
也。虽非金郁，设舍假泄金郁之法，亦难以从枢分解耳。
（本经中品）
【气味】苦平，无毒。
【主治】主诸热黄胆，肠 泄痢，逐水，下血闭，恶疮，疽蚀，火疡。
【核】曰∶出川蜀，及河东、陕西，近道亦有。二月生苗，茎干粗如箸子，中空外方，
叶色黄赤，四四作丛而起，花色紫，实色黑，根色黄。一种独茎者，其叶细长而青，两两相
对，花、实、根色则一也。曰子芩根圆；曰条芩，即小根之内实者；破者曰宿芩、曰片芩，
即大根之内虚者，其腹皆烂，故有腐肠、妒妇诸名，谓妒妇心黯，芩腹心黑也。山茱萸、龙
骨为之使。恶葱实，畏丹砂、牡丹、藜芦。得浓朴、黄连止腹痛；得五味子、牡蛎令人有子；
得
先人云∶病从内实为证，诸热为因者，对待能空之芩，则内无实。内无实，则无诸热之
因矣
【 】曰∶黄芩一曰腐肠，一曰内虚，有黄离之象。柔得乎中，体虚而用实也。 中腐，
乃腐化耳。故主腹肠诸热，实满于中，为黄胆 痢，水停血闭失于腐化，反现腐败者，对待
治
(Middle Category of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Flavor and Nature] Acrid, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats chills caused by wind-cold, cholera-like syndrome, diarrhea and dysentery, borborygmus, symptoms wandering up and down without fixed location, convulsive disorders with fright and epilepsy, and various diseases involving alternating cold and heat.
[Analysis] It is stated that: Nüwan (Female Aster Root) is the same as Baiwan (White Aster Root). It belongs to the same category as Ziwan (Purple Aster Root); although purple and white differ, their generation and nature are identical. It fears saline and briny substances.
[Commentary] It is said that: The functions of Baiwan and Ziwan seem similar but are actually different. Ziwan primarily treats qi and heat knotting in the middle jiao, causing disease to affect the upper, middle, and lower jiao; Baiwan primarily treats wind-cold and alternating cold and heat, with qi knotting at the pivot (Shaoyang mechanism), also affecting the upper, middle, and lower jiao, accompanied by signs of opening and closing inside and outside. Thus, the location of symptoms varies up and down, and the condition inside and outside is unstable. Nüwan acts by resolving the pivot knot; "resolving" means dispersing. In this way, vomiting and rebellious qi naturally open, diarrhea and dysentery naturally close, convulsions and epilepsy naturally calm, and cold and heat naturally eliminate. Its action leans towards releasing the exterior through resolving the pivot and promoting urination through resolving the pivot. Although it does not strictly belong to Metal Stagnation, if one discards the method of borrowing lung-qi dispersion to resolve metal stagnation, it would be difficult to decompose the pathogen via the pivot.
(Middle Category of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats various heat-induced jaundice, intestinal damp-heat leading to diarrhea and dysentery, expels fluid retention, promotes menstruation in cases of blood amenorrhea, and treats malignant sores, carbuncles with ulceration, and fire burns.
[Analysis] It is stated that: Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) originates from Sichuan and Shu, Hedong, and Shaanxi regions, and is also found in nearby areas. Seedlings emerge in the second lunar month. The stem is as thick as a chopstick, hollow inside and square outside. The leaves are yellowish-red, growing in clusters of four upwards. The flowers are purple, the seeds are black, and the root is yellow. There is a variety with a single stem, whose leaves are slender and green, growing pairwise opposite each other, while the flowers, seeds, and root color remain the same. Zihuangqin refers to the round root; Tiaohuangqin refers to the solid inner part of small roots; broken pieces are called Suhuangqin or Pianhuangqin, referring to the hollow inner part of large roots, whose interiors are rotted. Hence, it has names such as "Rotting Intestine" and "Jealous Wife," implying that just as a jealous wife has a dark heart, the center of Huangqin is black. Corni Fructus (Cornelian Cherry Fruit) and Longgu (Fossilized Bones) serve as guiding herbs. It conflicts with Congshi (Allium fistulosum fruit) and fears Dansha (Cinnabar), Mudanpi (Tree Peony Bark), and Lilv (Veratrum). When combined with Houpo (Magnolia Bark) and Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), it stops abdominal pain; when combined with Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry) and Muli (Oyster Shell), it aids fertility.
Ancestors once said: When internal excess manifests as symptoms, and various heats are the cause, using Huangqin, which possesses the property of emptying and draining, counteracts the condition, resulting in no internal excess. With no internal excess, the cause of various heat syndromes is eliminated.
[Commentary] It is said that: Huangqin is also called Rotting Intestine and Internal Deficiency, possessing the imagery of the Li trigram (Fire, characterized by emptiness in the middle). Softness obtains the center; its substance is hollow yet its function is substantial. The rotting in the center signifies transformation and digestion. Therefore, it primarily treats various heat syndromes in the abdomen and intestines. If excess fills the interior, leading to jaundice and dysentery, and fluid retention and blood stasis fail to undergo proper transformation, instead manifesting as putrefaction, Huangqin is used for symptomatic treatment...