（本经上品）
具筋骨人，方耐岁寒。
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】主筋骨间寒热，湿痹拘挛，明目，坚齿，利九窍，去白虫。久服轻身耐老，小
荆实亦等。
【核】曰∶出汴京、秦、陇、明、越诸处。生水滨。苗茎蔓延，高丈许。茎中心方，对
节生枝，枝小弱如蔓。春时旧枝作小叶，如小楝，五月叶成如杏叶，六月作穗，便出青萼，
将开则黄，开时花色红白。九月结实黑斑，大如梧子，极轻虚，实上近蒂处，有白膜盖子，
冬则叶凋，茎则耐寒，次年再发。修治∶去蒂子下白膜一重，酒润一伏时，蒸之，从巳至未，
晒
缪仲淳先生云∶邪去，则九窍通明，痹散，则光泽脂致。
【 】曰∶垂布如蔓，故名蔓；柔枝耐寒，故名荆。主筋骨寒热，湿痹拘挛，柔筋坚齿，
耐老轻身者，象形取治法。为剂中之轻剂、通剂也。顾实体轻扬，而炎上作苦；故利九窍，
去白虫者，秉风木宣和之用耳。先人博议云∶具筋骨关机之象，耐字义深，大有容焉。德备
淳化，故列上品。用合敷和之纪者，无出其右矣。
（本经上品）
【气味】苦温，无毒。
【主治】主骨间寒热，通利胃气，止咳逆，下气。
【核】曰∶出北方，今处处有之。即黄荆实、牡荆实也；一名楚。多生山野，不经樵采
者，树大如碗。茎多不圆，或扁或异，或似竹节；其木心方；其枝对生而不作蔓；一枝五叶，
或七叶，叶如榆叶，略长而尖，边有锯齿；五月梢间作花如穗，红紫色，花多子粗，历历疏
生；结实如胡荽子，正圆色褐，外有白膜裹之。具青赤两种，青者为荆，赤者为 。嫩苗可
作莒 。古者妇女为钗，即此荆也。古者刑杖以荆，亦此荆也。春秋运斗枢云∶玉衡星散而
为荆。凡修治，法同蔓荆。防己为之使，畏石膏。得柏实、青葙、术，同疗风疾。
【 】曰∶实小于蔓，故名小。其木心方，故名荆。不为蔓生，一名牡。子丛而疏，一
名楚。运斗枢云∶玉衡星散而为荆。故主机回不转，偏成骨间寒热之冬入，咳逆下气之秋降，
仰
（蔓荆柔枝耐寒曰荆；小荆其木心方曰荆。然小荆枝亦柔劲，蔓荆木亦心方，故小荆亦
筋骨受之，蔓荆亦属玉衡星散。）
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
Only those who possess strong sinews and bones can endure the cold of the years.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold-heat sensations in the sinews and bones, spasms and contractures caused by damp-bi (painful obstruction), brightens the eyes, strengthens the teeth, benefits the nine orifices, and expels white parasites. Long-term use makes the body light and delays aging; Xiao Jing Shi (Small Vitex Fruit) has equivalent effects.
[Verification] It is said: Produced in Bianjing, Qinzhou, Longyou, Mingzhou, and Yuezhou. Grows near water bodies. The seedlings and stems spread and climb, reaching a height of about one zhang (approx. 3.3 meters). The center of the stem is square, with branches growing opposite each other at the nodes; the branches are small and weak like vines. In spring, old branches produce small leaves resembling those of the small chinaberry tree; in May, the leaves mature to resemble apricot leaves; in June, spike-like inflorescences appear, followed by green calyxes; just before blooming, they turn yellow, and when fully open, the flowers are red and white. In September, fruits with black spots form, the size of wutong seeds, extremely light and hollow. Near the stem attachment point on the fruit, there is a white membranous lid. Leaves fall in winter, but the stems withstand the cold and sprout again the following year. Processing: Remove the stem attachment and one layer of the white membrane beneath the fruit, moisten with wine for one shichen (two hours), then steam from Si hour to Wei hour (9 AM to 3 PM), and finally sun-dry.
Mr. Miao Zhongchun stated: When pathogenic factors are expelled, the nine orifices become clear and bright; when bi syndrome dissipates, the skin becomes lustrous and dense.
[Commentary] It is said: Hanging down and spreading like a vine, hence named "Man" (Vine); soft branches that resist cold, hence named "Jing" (Vitex). Treating cold-heat in sinews and bones, damp-bi spasms, softening sinews, strengthening teeth, delaying aging, and making the body light are derived from the method of treating based on morphological characteristics. It serves as a light and unblocking agent among formulas. However, its physical nature is light and ascending, while its inflammatory upward tendency manifests as bitter flavor; thus, benefiting the nine orifices and expelling white parasites relies on the function of wind-wood qi to disseminate and harmonize. My predecessor discussed extensively: It possesses the image of the joints and pivot of sinews and bones; the character "endure" carries deep meaning, implying great tolerance. With complete virtue and pure transformation, it is listed in the Upper Grade. For treatments aligning with the Ji of Fuhe (Harmonious Spreading), none surpass it.
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold-heat sensations in the bones, promotes the free flow of stomach qi, stops cough and counterflow qi, and directs qi downward.
[Verification] It is said: Produced in the north, now found everywhere. It is Huang Jing Shi (Yellow Vitex Fruit) or Mu Jing Shi (Male Vitex Fruit); also known as Chu. It grows mostly in mountains and wilds; trees that have not been cut by woodcutters can be as large as a bowl. The stems are mostly not round, sometimes flat or irregular, resembling bamboo nodes; the wood center is square; branches grow opposite each other but do not form vines; one branch has five or seven leaves, resembling elm leaves, slightly longer and pointed, with serrated edges; in May, flowers appear at the tips in spikes, purple-red, with many flowers and coarse seeds distributed sparsely; the fruits resemble coriander seeds, perfectly round, brownish-yellow, wrapped in a white membrane. There are two colors, green and red; green ones are Jing, red ones are Mu. Young shoots can be eaten as vegetables. Ancient women used this Jing for hairpins. Ancient punishment sticks were also made of this Jing. The Chunqiu Yundou Shu states: The star Yuheng scatters to become Jing. All processing methods are the same as Man Jing. Fang Ji (Stephania Root) acts as its assistant herb; it fears Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). Combined with Baishi (Plumula Nelumbinis), Qingxiangzi (Seed of Celosia Cristata), and Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), it treats wind diseases.
[Commentary] It is said: The fruit is smaller than Man Jing, hence named "Xiao" (Small). Its wood center is square, hence named "Jing". It does not grow as a vine, hence another name "Mu" (Male). Seeds cluster but are sparse, hence another name "Chu". The Yundou Shu states: The star Yuheng scatters to become Jing. Therefore, it governs the pivot turning without rotating, predisposing to winter invasions causing cold-heat in bones, and autumn descents causing cough and counterflow qi.
(Man Jing is called Jing because its soft branches resist cold; Xiao Jing is called Jing because its wood center is square. However, Xiao Jing's branches are also soft yet tough, and Man Jing's wood also has a square center; thus, Xiao Jing also affects the sinews and bones, and Man Jing also belongs to the scattering of the star Yuheng.)