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[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats lung-heat cough, wheezing and rapid breathing due to phlegm accumulation, as well as bloody hemorrhoids and sores.
[Commentary on Origin and Processing] It states: Grows in the plains, marshes, and forests of Guanzhong, Hedong, Hebei, Jianghuai, Kuizhou, and Zhejiang regions. In spring, it grows as a vine, climbing up trees; leaves resemble those of *Rama* (likely referring to a specific local plant or metaphorical description), round, thick, and astringent. Flowers appear in early summer, with greenish-white color. Fruits are elongated like peaches or plums. When frost descends, leaves fall off, hanging down like bells; when dry, they split into four parts, with seeds inside resembling elm seeds. The root is yellowish-red, similar to *Fangji* (*Pseudostellariae Radix*), slightly smaller and flat, possessing the aroma of *Gegen* (*Puerariae Radix*) and *Muxiang* (*Aucklandiae Radix*). For processing: harvest the fruits, remove leaves and vines, place them in silk bags, hang them under the eaves at the eastern corner of the house until dry, then split open, remove the membranous pericarp, take only the clean seeds, and bake them for use.
[Analysis] The shape resembles the bell of *Madouling* (*Aristolochiae Fructus*), hanging high and splitting into four, which is the image of Metal of the Lung. The flavor is bitter and cold, countering "lung-heat causing leaf scorch," manifesting as cough, wheezing, and phlegm accumulation, or heat transferring to the fu organs; manifesting as hemorrhoids, fistulas, and intestinal abscesses; or erupting in the deep throat, causing throat obstruction, ulcers, and scrofula; or failing to regulate fluid overflow, causing strangury, dysuria, and edema; or invading the fire position horizontally, causing hiccups, vomiting, and heart pain. All these conditions have heat as the root and lung involvement as the branch. One should reduce excess (shí) and not deplete deficiency (xū).
(*Zhou Hou Fang* names it Dulin Teng. *Da Ming Ben Cao* names it Yunnan Zhi. *Shu Ben Cao* names it Duxing Gen. Another name is Yuhuang Gua. *Tang Ben Cao* names it Tu Qingmuxiang. Names vary according to the shapes of roots, stems, flowers, and fruits. *Bencao Gangmu* names it San Bai Liang Yin Yao. This relates to numerology and is hard to explain.)

[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats old fixed masses and abdominal lumps, accumulations and nodules, postpartum lochia retention and blood stasis, regulates menstruation, breaks down fetal membranes, relieves pain, and promotes qi circulation.
[Commentary on Origin and Processing] It states: Old texts do not specify the production area; currently, it is found in Jingxiang, Jianghuai, Heshan, etc. It mostly grows near shallow water or in abandoned ponds and wetlands. In spring, it grows in clusters; in summer and autumn, it sends up stems. Several leaves emerge at the stem tips, producing six or seven flower branches with yellow-purple colors. The inflorescence is fine and fragmented, with seeds arranged like millet. Stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits all have three edges, similar to *Sucao* (*Cyperus Rotundus*), but much larger. The base is smooth with white pith inside; when cut, it can be used for weaving, flexible like a vine. Below the base, there are initial tuberous growths resembling *Fuzi* (*Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*); some are flat. A horizontal root connects several tubers or sprouts leaves, generally long and flat. With yellow-brown fibrous roots removed, resembling a crucian carp, heavy ones are called Jing Sanleng. Round and small like a plum are called Hei Sanleng. Hooked and claw-like are called Jizhao Sanleng. Named according to shape for specific uses; originally not two different substances.
[Analysis] Listed by shape and origin, also described by function. As stated in the biography of Li Guang: "Its majesty and sharpness deter neighboring states." Thus, it treats old fixed masses and evil accumulations; without this herb to break through the enemy, destruction and resistance would persist.