俗作圆、一名佛手柑、古名枸橼、音矩员。理气止呕、健脾进食。
辛苦酸温。入肺脾二经。理上焦之气而止呕。进中州之食而健脾。除心头痰水。治痰气
咳嗽
。（煮酒饮。）心下气痛。性虽中和。单用多用。亦损正气。须与参术并行。乃有相成之益尔
。陈久者良。根叶功用略同。
下气消食、快膈化痰。
苦甘酸辛而平。下气消食。快膈化痰。解酒毒。治饮酒人口气。去肠胃中恶气。散愤懑
之气
。疗妊妇不思食。口淡。愈痰气咳嗽。（用香栾去核切、砂瓶内浸酒、封固一夜、煮烂、蜜
拌匀、时时含咽。）能去浊恶之气。无滞而虚者禁之。孕妇气虚者勿与。此柚之属也。其黄
而小者为密筒。其大者谓之朱栾。最大者谓之香栾。今人误称为香圆。不知香圆即佛
手柑也
。香栾夏初生白花。六月成实。至冬黄熟。今人于六七月间。采其小实晒干。至十月。伪枳
实、枳壳。
即林檎。涩、生津。
酸涩、甘温生津。治消渴泄精水痢。小儿闪癖。（头发竖黄、瘰 瘦弱者、干末和醋傅。）
多食发热。闭百脉。
泻肺下气。
苦平。清肺和胃而降气。气下则火降痰消。（气有余、便是火、火则生痰。）治热咳呕逆
口渴
。（时珍曰∶火降痰消、则呕者不呕、逆者不逆、咳者不咳、渴者不渴矣、一妇肺热久嗽、
身如火燎、肌瘦、将成劳、以枇杷叶款冬紫菀杏仁桑皮木通等分、大黄减半、蜜丸樱桃大、
食后夜卧、各含化一丸、未终剂而愈。）虚寒呕吐。风寒咳嗽忌之。叶湿重一两。干重三钱
为气足。拭净毛。（毛射肺、令人咳。）治胃病。姜汁涂、炙黄。治肺病。蜜水涂。炙黄。枇
杷甘酸平。止渴下气。利肺气。止吐逆。除上焦热。润五脏。多食发痰热伤脾。同炙肉及热
面食。令人患热黄疾。
Commonly written as "Yuan", also known as Fo Shou Gan (Buddha's Hand Citron), ancient name Gou Yuan (Citron), pronounced Ju Yuan. Regulates Qi, stops vomiting, strengthens the Spleen, and promotes appetite.
Pungent, bitter, sour, warm in nature. Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. Regulates Qi of the Upper Jiao to stop vomiting; advances food in the Middle Jiao to strengthen the Spleen. Eliminates phlegm-fluids from the heart region; treats cough due to Phlegm-Qi stagnation. (Method: Drink after boiling in wine.) Treats Qi pain below the heart. Although its nature is moderate and balanced, single use or high dosage can damage Zheng Qi (Upright Qi). It must be used concurrently with Shen (Ginseng) and Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala) to achieve synergistic benefits. Aged specimens are superior. The root and leaves have similar functions.
(Luo Pan Ye / Loquat Leaf) Descends Qi, digests food, unblocks the diaphragm, and transforms phlegm.
Bitter, sweet, sour, pungent, neutral in nature. Descends Qi, digests food, unblocks the diaphragm, transforms phlegm. Resolves alcohol toxicity, treats bad breath in drinkers, removes foul Qi from the intestines and stomach, disperses pent-up Qi. Treats pregnant women with loss of appetite and insipid taste, cures cough due to Phlegm-Qi. (Method: Take Xiang Luan [Citron], remove seeds, slice, soak in wine in a clay pot, seal tightly for one night, boil until soft, mix evenly with honey, hold in mouth and swallow frequently.) Can eliminate turbid and foul Qi. Contraindicated in those without stagnation but with deficiency. Pregnant women with Qi deficiency should not take it. This belongs to the Pomelo category. Those that are yellow and small are called Mi Tong; large ones are called Zhu Luan; the largest are called Xiang Luan. People nowadays mistakenly call them "Xiang Yuan", unaware that Xiang Yuan is actually Fo Shou Gan. Xiang Luan produces white flowers in early summer, fruits in June, and ripens yellow in winter. Nowadays, people pick small immature fruits between June and July, dry them, and pass them off as Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Zhi Ke (Bitter Orange Peel).
(Lin Qin / Malus asiatica) Astringent, generates fluids.
Sour, astringent, sweet, warm in nature, generates fluids. Treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), Jing Xi (Spermatorrhea), Shui Li (Watery Dysentery), and Xiao Er Shan Pi (Infant Malnutrition). (Symptoms: Hair standing up and yellow, Luo Li [Scrofula], emaciation; grind into fine powder, mix with vinegar for external application.) Excessive consumption causes fever and blocks all vessels.
(Pipa Ye / Loquat Leaf) Drains Lung Qi, descends rebellious Qi.
Bitter, neutral in nature. Clears the Lung, harmonizes the Stomach, and descends Qi. When Qi descends, Fire descends and Phlegm dissipates. (Theory: Excess Qi becomes Fire; Fire generates Phlegm.) Treats Heat Cough, vomiting, and thirst. (Shizhen said: When Fire descends and Phlegm dissipates, the vomiting stops, rebellion ceases, coughing halts, and thirst quenches. A woman suffered from chronic cough due to Lung Heat, her body felt like burning, muscles wasted, approaching consumptive disease. She was treated with Pipa Ye, Kuan Dong Hua, Zi Wan, Xing Ren, Sang Bai Pi, Mu Tong in equal parts, with half the dose of Da Huang, made into pills the size of cherries with honey. After meals and before sleep, one pill was dissolved in the mouth each time. She was cured before finishing the course.) Contraindicated in Deficient-Cold vomiting and Wind-Cold cough. Wet leaves weigh 1 liang, dry leaves weigh 3 qian when Qi is sufficient. Wipe clean the hairs. (Hairs shooting into the Lung cause cough.) Treats Stomach diseases: coat leaves with Ginger Juice, roast until yellow. Treats Lung diseases: coat leaves with Honey Water, roast until yellow. Pipa is sweet, sour, neutral. Stops thirst, descends Qi, benefits Lung Qi, stops vomiting and rebellion, clears Heat of the Upper Jiao, moistens the Five Viscera. Excessive consumption induces Phlegm-Heat damaging the Spleen. Consumed together with roasted meat and hot wheat noodles, it causes Heat-Yellow disease.