Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger): Pungent and warm, enters the Lung meridian. It unblocks collaterals, induces sweating to disperse cold, warms the middle jiao to promote qi movement, and resolves phlegm. For phlegm-fluid retention lodged in the hypochondrium or within the subcutaneous tissue and membranous spaces, this herb is indispensable. Over-cooking reduces its efficacy. Mustard seed (Jiezi) has similar therapeutic actions. Mustard is pungent, hot, and dispersing; it benefits the Lung, opens the stomach, promotes qi, and resolves phlegm. However, long-term consumption may induce sores and impair vision.

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Shigao** (Gypsum Fibrosum) or a similar heat-clearing agent. Description only: Bitter and cold, induces sweating and releases the muscle layer, drains Lung heat, descends qi, regulates the middle jiao. When stir-fried, it can stop sweating.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Gancao** (Licorice Root) or **Fuling** (Poria). Description only: Sweet, bland, and slightly cold. Benefits Lung qi, resolves drug toxicity, and also treats carbuncle toxins.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Chuanbeimu** (Fritillaria Cirrhosa Bulb). Description only: Pungent, sweet, and slightly cold. Clears Heart fire, dissipates Lung stagnation, enters the Qi aspect of the Lung meridian, moistens the Lung and Heart, and transforms dry phlegm. Xiang Beimu (Xuanbeimu) is bitter and used for wind-phlegm. Tu Beimu is extremely bitter and used in surgery for phlegm-toxins.)

(Original text refers to "See Xin Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding heart-cold.)

(Original text refers to "See Shen Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding kidney-cold.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Zisuzi** (Perilla Seed) or **Xingren** (Apricot Kernel). Description only: Pungent, sweet, and slightly cold. Descends qi, eliminates phlegm, stops cough, and treats excess patterns of Lung qi obstruction.)

(Original text refers to "See Wei Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding stomach-cold.)

(Original text refers to "See Xin Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding heart-cold.)

(Original text refers to "See Wei Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding stomach-cold.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Dahuang** (Rhubarb Root) or **Huanglian** (Coptis Rhizome). Description only: Bitter and cold. Purges excess fire, promotes blood circulation to reduce swelling by following the pathogenic trend, resolves old blood stasis in the Heart and Spleen, and accumulated phlegm in the Liver and Lung. Detoxifies, treats throat bi and sore throat. Contraindicated in deficiency patterns.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Zhimu** (Anemarrhena Rhizome). Description only: Sweet, bitter, and very cold. Enters the Qi aspect of the Lung meridian, nourishes the upper source of water (Lung) to descend into the Kidney, clears Metal and descends fire, moistens dryness and nourishes yin, eliminates phlegm and stops bleeding, kills parasites, removes damp-heat from the Kidney, and treats all symptoms of yin deficiency with fire, such as wheezing, coughing, and bone-steaming tidal fever.)

(Original text refers to "See Sanjiao Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding sanjiao-cold.)

(Original text refers to "See Xin Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding heart-cold.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Gualou** (Trichosanthes Fruit) or **Huangqin** (Scutellaria Root). Description only: Bitter, pungent, and cold. Clears Lung heat, descends Lung qi, and simultaneously clears heat in the Large Intestine meridian. Also promotes water metabolism; decoctions often cause vomiting. The root applied topically treats swellings and toxins.)

(Original text refers to "See Tongxing Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding circulating-cold.)

(Original text refers to "See Pangguang Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding bladder-cold.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Huashi** (Talcum) or **Tongcao** (Tetrapanax Pith). Description only: Cold in nature, bland in taste. Enters the Lung and Stomach meridians. Guides heat downward while promoting qi ascent, unblocks orifices, and benefits Lung qi.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Mabo** (Baeometra Spore) or **Shegan** (Belamcanda Rhizome). Description only: Pungent and neutral in nature, with a dispersing action. Clears Lung heat and resolves fever, treats throat bi and sore throat. Topical application for sores is most secure.)

(Original text refers to "See Pangguang Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding bladder-cold.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Sangbaipi** (Mulberry Root Bark) or **Tinglizi** (Descurainia Seed). Description only: Sweet, pungent, and cold. Purges Lung fire, dissipates blood stasis, descends qi and promotes water metabolism, stops cough and clears phlegm.)

(Original text refers to "See Xin Han," meaning refer to the preceding entry regarding heart-cold.)

(Original text lacks the subject here. Based on context and *Bencao Fenjing*, this likely describes **Digupi** (Lycium Bark). Description only: Sweet, bland, and cold. Descends latent fire in the Lung, eliminates deficient fire in the Liver and Kidney, treats liver-wind headache, benefits the intestines, relieves bone-steaming tidal fever. Its action penetrates both interior and exterior. It excels at clearing internal heat and also reduces external tidal fever. It is most suitable for cases where wind-cold has dispersed but residual heat remains.)

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