Library

Tongqing (Verdigris)
Is the same as Tonglü (Verdigris).

Tiéluo (Iron Filings)
Refers to Tiexie (iron filings), specifically those struck off an anvil. Those that rise like dust are named Tiejingyan; those extracted by soaking in vinegar are named Tiehua; the rust coating on vessels is named Tiewu; and the fine powder used by needle-makers is named Zhensha.

Shuifen (Lead Powder)
Is the same as Qianfen (Lead Carbonate), also known as Gongfen, Hufen, Xifen, Dingfen, Wafen, and Baifen.

Qiandan (Red Lead)
Is the same as Huangdan (Red Lead Oxide), refined from Heiqian (black lead).

Xitieshi (Lodestone)
Also known as Cishi (Magnetite).

Haishi (Sea Stone)
Also known as Fushi (Pumice).

Xinshi (Realgar/Orpiment Stone - Arsenic Ore)
Is the same as Pishi (Arsenolite). The raw form is called Pi Huang; the refined form is called Pi Shuang (Arsenic Trioxide); it is a byproduct of tin smelting.

Yanxiao (Saltpeter)
Also known as Xiaoshi (Potassium Nitrate), or Huoxiao.

Hanshuishi (Cold Water Stone)
Also known as Ningshuishi, formed by the condensation of salt essence. Note: In ancient prescriptions, Hanshuishi referred to Ningshuishi; in prescriptions from the late Tang Dynasty onwards, Hanshuishi referred to Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum).

Huarusshi
Is the same as Huazhishi.

Jianzousha (Arrowhead Sand)
Is the same as Zhusha (Cinnabar), also known as Chensha.

Xionghuang (Realgar)
Realgar found on the sunny (south) side of mountains is named Xionghuang; that found on the shady (north) side is named Cihuang; inferior quality is named Xunhuang.

Mangxiao and Piaoxiao (Mirabilite and Glauber's Salt variants)
The substance settled at the bottom after scraping halite and refining is named Piaoxiao, also known as Pixiao. The substance crystallizing on top is named Mangxiao, also known as Penxiao. Those with sharp edges are named Mayaxiao; those that have undergone weathering are named Fenghuaxiao.

Dilonggu (Earth Dragon Bone)
Is the same as Gu Kuanghui (ancient mine ash).

Shitan (Stone Coal)
Is the same as Meitan (Coal).

Shidan (Green Vitriol Stone)
Is the same as Danfan (Chalcanthite), produced in copper mines; it is the essence of copper.

Baifan (White Alum)
The product obtained through fire sublimation is named Fanjing; that further dissolved in vinegar is named Fanhua.

Qingfan (Green Alum)
Also known as Lüfan, or Zaofan. The red variety is named Jiangfan.

Rongyan (Military Salt)
Also known as Qingyan.

Eguan (Goose Tube)
Is the same as Zhongru (Stalactite).

Meiyushui (Plum Rain Water)
Is the same as Meiyushui.

Yaoyushui (Medicinal Rain Water)
Is the same as Yeyushui.

Shangchishui (Upper Pool Water)
Also known as Bantianhe.

Jingshui (Well Water)
Freshly drawn well water at dawn is named Jinghuashui.

Ganquan (Sweet Spring)
Also known as Liquan.

Wentang (Warm Soup/Hot Spring)
Refers to Wenquan (hot springs). The hot spring in Mount Lu is a sulfur spring; the one in Mount Huangshan, Xin'an, is a cinnabar spring; the one at Mount Li in Chang'an is a stone spring. Hot springs also exist in areas where arsenic ore is produced.

Tujang (Earth Slurry)
Is the same as Dijiang. Dig a pit three feet deep in yellow earth, pour in freshly drawn water, stir until turbid, and after a short while, use the clarified supernatant.

Laoshui (Labor Water)
Also known as Ganlan Shui, or Yangxun Shui. Take two dou of flowing water, place it in a large basin, and scoop it up high repeatedly thousands of times until bubbling pearls chase each other on the surface, then collect it for use.

Taihe Tang (Harmony Decoction)
Is the same as Baifei Tang, also known as Mafei Tang.

Yinyang Shui (Yin-Yang Water)
A mixture of raw and hot water. It is prepared by mixing fresh cold well water with Baofei Tang (boiling water) evenly.