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Bili: Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Gui Qi (spirit-induced ailments), administered as a decoction; can also be burned as incense to repel insects and fish. Its leaves, when crushed and placed upstream, cause all fish to die with gills exposed. Also known as Huamu Xiang or Zhan Xiang. Leaves resemble those of the Toona tree, growing in high mountains, suitable for making book spines as white worms do not damage books. ○ *Haiyao Bencao* records: "Primarily treats Gui Zhu (chronic infectious diseases) and heart qi disorders, eliminating all malignant airs. Leaves falling into water cause immediate fish death."

Palu Wood: Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats blood stasis, blood masses, and cold coughs; administered as a hot decoction. Produced in Annan and Nanhai regions. Locals use it for beds and tables, resembling Zitan wood but redder. Used as a pillow causes headaches due to its heat properties. ○ *Haiyao Bencao* records: "According to *Guangzhi*, produced in mountain valleys of Annan and Nanhai. Hu people use it for sitting; it is hard and durable. Primarily treats postpartum lochia rushing to the heart, Zheng Jia (abdominal masses), stagnant qi, and red/white leukorrhea. Crushed and decocted for oral administration."

Yanyao: Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome), dysentery, Zhong E (acute evil invasion), and internal disharmony. Produced in various prefectures of Nanhai. Roots resemble Wuyao, growing as small round trees. ○ *Haiyao Bencao* records: "Leaves resemble Sichuan pepper; primarily treats red/white dysentery, Gu Du (poisonous parasites), and Zhong E. Crushed and decocted."

Huanglong Yan: Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily detoxifies gold and silver medicines. Grind with water, take half he of the juice on an empty stomach in small amounts; recovery occurs after about twenty days. Produced in Lingnan. Resembles Longyan fruit, yellow in color. ○ *Haiyao Bencao* records: "Detoxification efficacy surpasses other seeds."

Jian KT and Arrowheads: Primarily treat abdominal itching in women after childbirth; place under sleeping mats without informing the woman.

Yuancile: Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats heart disease, bleeding, Jin Chuang (metal wounds), removes intra-abdominal bad blood, hematochezia, leukorrhea, brightens eyes, removes nebulae, wind-tearing, and polyps. Produced in Persia. Resembles Nao Bing (Borneo Camphor). ○ *Haiyao Bencao* records: "Cile is resin from the tree, sweet and neutral in nature; removes nebulae, breaks blood, stops dysentery, clears intra-abdominal bad blood; now rare."

Duxian Seeds, Bark, and Leaves: Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats thirst, moistens lungs, relieves irritability, eliminates phlegm-fire; taken as a dry infusion. Grows in the south. Tree resembles plum tree. Xu Biao's *Nanzhou Ji* records: "Duxian tree fruits are finger-sized; fruits and bark make a very fragrant drink." ○ *Haiyao Bencao* records: "According to Xu Biao's *Nanzhou Ji*, grows in Guangnan mountain valleys, sweet and neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats irritability, chest oppression, phlegm obstruction, cold-dampness with clear discharge, coughing, and rebellious qi; suitable for decoction. Fruits are fragrant when eaten, size similar to Banxia."

Wood from Drilled Holes: Primarily treats difficult labor. Take the part containing iron, burn to ash, administer with wine to facilitate delivery.

Liqi Bark: Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Root bark primarily treats severe sores and wind-poison exposure; wash sores with decoction until pus and blood cease. Also treats dysentery. Found north and south, used as firewood, also called Li (same pronunciation). ○ *Bielu* records: "Treats various sores swollen by wind. Take thirty jin of root bark, crush, boil in three hu of water with one handful of salt, apply to ulcerated sores to expel pus and blood; repeat daily until cured."

Shengteng: Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats roundworms; administered as a decoction. Also treats toothache; crush and hold in mouth. Also cooked with rice to feed dogs to remove parasites. Grows in deep southern mountains. Red bark, finger-thick, usable for binding, peels off in sheets.

Songyang Bark: Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primately treats water dysentery regardless of cold or heat; boil bark thickly until black, take one sheng. Grows in Jiangnan forests. Leaves large like pear leaves. Jiangxi people call it Liangmu; Songyang County named after this tree.

Yanglu Er: Neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats old blood stasis, breaks blood, stops bleeding; administered as a decoction. Ear fungus growing on Yanglu wood. Produced in Nanshan.

Old Steamer Lid: Non-toxic. Primarily treats Shi Lin (stone strangury); burn to ash, take three finger-pinches, swallow with water. Also treats night sweats. Texts record its salty flavor. ○ *Bielu* records: "Treats bladder deficiency-heat, passing sand/stones, painful urination, promotes diuresis. Burn to ash, grind, take one qianbi mixed with warm wine before meals; effective."

Certain Wood (Text missing character): Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Breaks postpartum blood; administered as a decoction. Leaves crushed and applied to snake bites; also washes sores and tinea. Tree resembles pomegranate, leaves slender and tall over one zhang, blooms white as snow in April. Grows in Jiangdong forests.

Xiangdou: Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Wu Yeji Bing (wild chicken disease), Gu Du, Feishi (flying corpse disease), and throat bi. Grind seeds into powder, slightly roast, take 1-2 bi with water. Can be combined with soybeans and algae flour. Grows in Lingnan forests. Vines grow on trees like Tongcao vines, bear fruit every three years. Pods like bows, seeds like chicken eggs, purple skin, flesh inside used. Also known as Certain Zi or Hezi. Primary treatment for wild chicken disease.

Dizhu: Neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Gui Qi and heart pain; decocted in wine, take one he. This is rotting ancient wood in the soil.

Rotten Wood: Primarily treats centipede bites. Grind to powder, mix with vinegar for application; or soak to extract juice for application; effective.

Shici Wood Root Bark: Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily breaks blood, treats jia masses formed by incomplete postpartum blood expulsion; administered as a decoction. Parasitic on this wood, highly effective for breaking blood, rare. Grows in southern forests. Jiangxi people call it Jin Ci; planted as hedges. Resembles thorns but larger, branches have reverse hooks.

Certain Wood Branches and Leaves: Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Huoluan; administered as a decoction. Trees are tall, leaves resemble mulberry. Grows in southern mountains. Guo Pu's annotation of *Erya* states: "(Ru Zhan cut) Large tree, leaves like mulberry."

Xiwang Teng: Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats postpartum abdominal pain and incomplete lochia discharge; administered as a thick decoction. Grows in Lingnan mountain valleys, evergreen in winter.

Jiaoluo Bark: Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats red/white dysentery; bark decocted for administration. Grows in Jiangxi mountain valleys, resembles Cornus officinalis, single stem.

Zhen Bird Paste: Sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-blood emaciation in elderly. Mountain people steep in wine to detoxify various poisons, hence the name. Grows under Jiangnan forests, 1-2 chi high, leaves purple on underside, evergreen, red berry-like fruits.

Zizhu: Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Detoxifies various poisons, carbuncles, throat bi, Feishi, Gu Du, toxic swellings, snake/insect bites, rabies. All treated by decocting and drinking, or washing sores/swellings to remove blood and promote skin regeneration. Also known as Zijingshu, resembles Huangjing, leaves small without forks, distinct from Tian family's Jing. In autumn, fruits ripen, bright purple, round like small beads. Grows in Jiangdong forests and marshes.