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Toilet sticks (bamboo or wooden strips used for anal cleansing after defecation) are indicated for difficult labor, as well as cholera presenting with cold limbs and muscle spasms. Burning these items beneath the bed to utilize the rising heat can also treat sudden evil qi invasion attributed to ghosts/spirits. Although this substance is minute, its efficacy is noteworthy (from *Bencao Shiyi*). [Combined Treatments] (*Wangshi Xiao'er Fang*) treats pediatric convulsive disorders characterized by staring at the ground without raising the head: burn sophora fruit into ash, soak in urine from a young boy, scrape off residue from fire-dried bamboo waste, dry thoroughly, grind into powder, and apply to the fontanelle; the infant will regain consciousness. ○ (*Shenghui Fang*) treats delayed dentition in children: on the first day of the New Year, scrape debris from bamboo or wood found in latrine pits and apply to the gums; teeth will emerge promptly.

Urine bucket (from *Bencao Gangmu*). Old planks are indicated for cholera with vomiting and diarrhea; decoct in water and ingest. This is particularly suitable for mountain villages (from *Ruyi Fang*). Old hoops are indicated for pruritus between toes or bleeding from open sores/ulcers; incinerate into ash and apply topically. Older material is preferred (from *Bencao Gangmu*).

Horn is non-toxic. Yellow cattle, Hai Niu cattle, Rizhi cattle, Shan Niu cattle are noted. Fetus-bearing KT cattle. Ox horn treats epilepsy, febrile toxins, and various blood disorders. ○ Huang (Calculus Bovis / Cattle Gallstone) treats epilepsy and manic psychosis (from *Bencao Gangmu*). [Names] Mao Xi (from *Guangzhi*), Mao Niu (from *Commentary on Book of Han*), Zhu Niu (from *Zuomeng Lu*), Niu (pronounced as...), Niu (pronounced Ma), Niu (pronounced Chou) (Li Shizhen states). "Zhe" refers to the mane; its hair can be used for banner decorations. Its body has long hair and horns resembling those of a rhinoceros, hence called Mao Xi (from *Jizhong Zhoushu*). Referred to as KT Niu (Yan Shigu's commentary), Mao Niu (from *Erya*); pronunciations are similar (from *Shanhaijing*). Westerners call it Zhu Niu because the horn texture resembles bamboo. Some claim "Zhu" is a phonetic shift of "", and "" is a shift of "Zhu" (Yang Shen's *Danqian Lu* states). Mao Xi is equivalent to Tuo; it resembles a rhinoceros but has smaller horns and possesses the ability to predict fortune and misfortune. Ancients called it Mao Zhu; people in Jiaozhou and Guangzhou call it Zhu Shen (Cao Zhao's *Ge Gu Lun* states). Mao Xi is equivalent to KT Niu; the floral patterns on its horns resemble those of Shan Xi but lack millet-like grain textures, and its pattern resembles bamboo, which is not particularly rare, thus named Mao Xi. From this, it is observed that KT horns surpass KT horns, while KT fur and tails surpass KT fur/tails. Wild cattle similar to these are appended below. [Location] Originates beyond the southwestern borders, dwelling in deep mountains; it is a wild cattle. During Tang and Song dynasties, various prefectures in the southwestern frontier paid tribute of it. (*Zhongshan Jing* states) Mount Jing has many KT Niu. [Season] (Growth) No fixed season. [Usage] Horns, Huang (gallstones), and its tail named KT can be used for making banners and hat tassels. (*Zuomeng Lu* states) Western Xia has many Zhu Niu weighing hundreds of jin; their horns are very long and used to make powerful bows. Locals use them to counterfeit rhino horn, making them indistinguishable to outsiders. [Quality] Shape, fur, and tail are identical to KT Niu. KT Niu is small; KT Niu can weigh up to 1,000 jin. [Color] (Guo Pu's commentary) Belongs to the KT Niu category; color is black. (Also *Zuomeng Lu* states) Zhu Niu horns are very long, alternating yellow and black. [Taste] Horn tastes sour and salty. [Nature] Horn nature is cool. [Substitute] (Li Shizhen states) KT Niu also produces Huang; locals use it to confuse with cattle Huang, but it is hard and lacks fragrance, though functions are similar. Its horns can also substitute for rhino horn but lack millet-grain textures (Su Song's *Tujing* mistakenly identified them as Guxi horns; they can be used but efficacy is inferior to rhino horn) (*Zuomeng Lu*, *Ge Gu Lun* explain in detail). Niu (pronounced Wei), appended in *Gangmu*. ○ Also known as Kui Niu; resembles cattle but larger, meat weighs thousands of jin, originates from mountains in Shu region. (*Gangmu Appendix*) ○ (*Guangzhi* states) Originates from Rinan and Xunzhou Dabin County; color is greenish-yellow, shares burrows with snakes, loves salt; people wrap hands in cloth coated with salt to catch them; horns are jade-like and can be made into vessels. (*Gangmu Appendix*) Hai Niu. ○ (*Qi Dizhi* states) Originates from islands in Dengzhou; shape resembles cattle, feet resemble tuotuo (alligator), abundant hair, skin is soft and useful for hundred purposes, fat can be used for lamp oil (*Huayu Zhi*). Named Qian Niu (*Guangzhi*). Named Niu, Rizhi Niu (*Gangmu Appendix*). ○ (*Yuanzhong Ji* states) Originates from Western Hu and Dayuezhi countries; if flesh is shaved today, the wound heals by tomorrow. (*Gangmu Appendix*) Shan Niu. ○ Resembles water buffalo but horns branch like deer antlers.