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Non-toxic. Wild-grown.

Tumazong (Tu Ma Zong, *Radix et Rhizoma Asari* - Note: Context suggests a moss/lichen type, likely referring to specific local mosses historically grouped here, but strictly translating the text's classification): Treats bone-steaming tidal fever, vexatious heat, and epistaxis caused by congestion of heat toxins (Recorded by famous physicians). [Origin] *Bencao Tujing* states: Grows on old walls in shady places; it thrives when there is abundant rain in that year. People mistakenly believe it is wall moss (Yuanyi); this is incorrect. Wall moss grows on the sides of walls, whereas Tumazong grows on top of walls and is larger and longer than wall moss. Generally, it belongs to the category of mosses. Because its substrate differs, its name and therapeutic indications also vary. Those growing on roofs are called Wuyou Watai (Roof moss); those on walls are called Yuanyi (Wall moss); those on the ground are called Diyi (Ground moss); those in wells are called Jingtai (Well moss); and those on stones in water are called Zhili (Aquatic moss). Tumazong has been commonly used in recent times but was not detailed in previous texts, so it is appended as a newly defined entry. [Growth & Harvest Time]: Sprouts in spring; harvestable at any time. [Processing]: Dried in shade. [Usage]: Moss grown on walls is preferred. [Texture]: Similar to wall moss but longer. [Color]: Green. [Flavor]: Sour. [Nature]: Cold. [Qi & Flavor Characteristics]: Thin Qi, strong Flavor, Yin nature. [Odor]: Fishy smell.

Non-toxic. Plant.

Shuyangquan (Shu Yang Quan, *Rhizoma Verbenae* or similar local herb depending on regional identification, WHO term often aligns with *Verbenae Herba* or specific local flora described as such): Mainly treats alopecia, malignant sores, heat-induced scabies, crusted tinea, insect bites, and dental caries (Red text from *Shennong Bencao Jing*); internal injury in the female vagina, accumulation of solid masses between skin layers (Black text recorded by famous physicians). [Names]: Yangquan, Yangyi, Qigu. [Seedling/Leaf Description]: *Tang Bencao Zhu* notes: Leaves resemble chrysanthemum leaves; purple fruits resemble goji berry seeds; roots resemble *Polygala tenuifolia* (Yuanzhi) but lack a pith and contain powdery substance. It is no longer used in prescriptions for that purpose, though locals sometimes harvest it, and knowledgeable people can identify it. [Origin]: *Bencao Tujing* states: Produced in valleys of Shu Commandery. *Tang Bencao Zhu* adds: Found everywhere in shady and damp places. [Growth & Harvest Time]: Grows at any time; harvest seedlings in March and April. [Processing]: Dried in shade. [Medicinal Part]: Seedlings and leaves. [Color]: Blue-green. [Flavor]: Bitter. [Nature]: Slightly cold, with draining/descending properties. [Qi & Flavor Characteristics]: Flavor stronger than Qi, Yin nature. [Indication]: Lacquer dermatitis. [Preparation]: Chopped/crushed before use. [Therapeutic Effect]: *Tang Bencao Zhu* states: Treats infantile convulsions and promotes hair growth.

Non-toxic. Plant.

Tukui (Tu Kui, *Malva verticillata* or related Malvaceae): Mainly treats various types of lithiasis (stones) in the lower jiao and stops tiger/snake venom (Recorded by famous physicians). [Name]: [Text missing]. [Seedling/Leaf Description]: *Bencao Tujing* states: Resembles mallow (*Malva*) but with smaller leaves, resembling lamb's quarters (*Chenopodium*), and is hairy. (Stems are purple). *Bencao Yan Yi* states: Green leaves resemble yellow mallow flowers, similar to frost-resisting hibiscus, very elegant in shape, like small mallows. When first blooming, they have single leaves. Mallows have sandalwood-colored centers, colors like the Peony 'Yaohuang' variety, and stamens characteristic of mallows. Tang Dynasty poet Liu Mengde wrote: "Tu Kui and wild oats lead the spring breeze," referring to this plant. [Origin]: *Erya* states: Found in flat marshes and fields everywhere. [Growth & Harvest Time]: Sprouts in spring; harvest stems and leaves in June and July. [Processing]: Sun-dried. [Medicinal Part]: Stems and leaves. [Texture]: Similar to *Ranunculus ternatus* (Shilongru). [Color]: Green leaves, purple stems. [Flavor]: Sweet. [Nature]: Cold, with relaxing/spasmolytic properties. [Qi & Flavor Characteristics]: Thin Qi, Yin within Yang. [Indication]: Dysuria with heat stagnation. [Therapeutic Effect]: *Mingyi Bielu* states: Treats snake/tiger venom and various sores. Crush and drink the juice, or apply externally to sores to detoxify and relieve pain.