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Xiangchong (Insect from Xiang tree) is indicated for small intestine hernia (*Bencao Gangmu*). [Origin] (Li Shizhen states) it grows among the leaves and branches of the *Xiang* tree. [Harvesting Time] (Growth cycle spans) April, May, June, July, August. (Collection method) Collected in July and August. [Usage] The whole insect is used. [Physical Characteristics] Shape resembles a measuring worm (*Chi Huo*). [Color] Green. [Taste] Sweet, Acrid. [Nature] Warm. [Odor] Fragrant.

Wubeizi Neichong (Insect inside Gallnut) is indicated for red eyes with rotting eyelid margins (*Bencao Gangmu*). [Combined Treatment] (Formula by Li Shizhen) Grind Wubeizi Neichong together with calcined calamine powder (*Luganshi*) to an extremely fine consistency, and apply as eye drops.

Non-toxic.

Baiyaojian (Hundred Medicines Decoction / Fermented Gallnut) is indicated for clearing the lungs, resolving phlegm, stopping cough, relieving heat, generating fluids, quenching thirst, absorbing dampness, eliminating alcohol toxicity, darkening beard hair, stopping lower bleeding, treating chronic dysentery with rectal prolapse, loose teeth, facial and nasal moth-eaten sores, oral and tongue ulceration, and various wind-damp sores (*Bencao Gangmu*). [Physical Characteristics] Sometimes formed into cakes or pills, of any round or square size. [Color] Pure black. [Taste] Sour, Salty, slightly sweet. [Nature] Cool. [Processing Method] (Li Shizhen states) Take coarse powder of gallnuts (*Wubeizi*), one *jin*, add one *liang* of true tea, decoct to make a strong juice, then add four *liang* of yeast dregs (*Jiaozao*), pound until mushy, mix well, place in a container, and set in a chaff vat to ferment. Wait until it rises like dough, then it is ready. Mold into cakes or pills and sun-dry for use. (Chen Jiamo states) For medicinal use, take ten *jin* of fresh gallnuts, pound finely, store in a porcelain vat, cover with rice straw, leave for seven nights, then take out and pound again. Add two *liang* each of *Jiegeng* (Platycodon Root) and *Gancao* (Licorice Root) powder. Pound again for another seven days, repeating this pounding process seven times in total. Then take out, mold into cakes, and sun-dry. If fresh ones are unavailable, dry ones can be soaked in water for preparation. ○ Another method: One *jin* of gallnuts, one *liang* of raw glutinous rice, soak in boiling water, add one *liang* of fine tea, grind all together into powder, seal in a jar, and after six months, open and combine/use. ○ Another method: One *jin* of gallnut powder, half a *jin* of wine qu (*Jiuqu*), one handful of fine tea ground into powder. Mix evenly with juice of *Xiaoliao* (Smartweed), press tightly into a mortar, seal the top with long rice straw. Place another basket filled with rice straw, sit the mortar inside the straw, cover with more straw, and keep in a clean place. After one seven-day period, check if long frost/mold has grown on the medicine; if so, the preparation is complete. Mold into pills or cakes and sun-dry before storage. [Efficacy and Indications] (Li Shizhen states) The efficacy of Baiyaojian is no different from that of Wubeizi (Gallnut). However, after fermentation, its substance becomes light and porous, its nature floats and astringent, and its taste retains a lingering sweetness. It is particularly suitable for treating upper jiao conditions such as heart and lung cough, phlegm-fluid retention, heat, and thirst, especially when held in the mouth (containing/sucking). ○ (*Puji Fang*) Washing hair and removing grease: Apply Baiyaojian powder dry to the hair overnight, comb the next day. ○ (*Shengji Zonglu Fang*) Wind-heat toothache: Decoct Baiyaojian in water for gargling. ○ (*Yilin Jiyaofang*) Sores on the calf: Initially appearing millet-sized, scratching leads to spreading patches covering the feet, oozing yellow fluid with unbearable itching, becoming a stubborn disease over time. Use Baiyaojian powder mixed with saliva, applied around the sore from outside inwards. First wash with decoction of *Guanzhong* (Cyatheae Spora), once daily. ○ (Empirical Formula) Breast lump with hardness and pain: Take three *qian* of Baiyaojian powder, decoct in one cup of wine for a few boils, drink to achieve effect. ○ (Wang Qiu's *Baiyi Xuanfang*) Intestinal wind with bloody stool: Two and a half *liang* of Baiyaojian, half raw and half stir-fried until carbonized but retaining nature, grind into powder, form pills with rice paste the size of wu zi (wuju berry seeds), take fifty pills per dose with rice water, named Shengjin Wan. ○ (*Jijian Fang*) Large intestine qi hemorrhoids causing pain and bloody stool: Take three *qian* of Baiyaojian powder, mix with thin porridge soup, take twice daily. [Combined Treatments] (*Danxi Xinfa Fang*) Astringe lungs and arrest cough: Equal parts of Baiyaojian, Helilei (Chebula Fruit), Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Spike), grind into powder, mix with ginger juice and honey to form pills the size of a corn kernel, hold in mouth frequently. ○ (*Binhu Yi'an Fang*) Stop cough and resolve phlegm: Slices of Baiyaojian, Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Juhong (Aged Tangerine Peel), Gancao (Licorice Root) in equal parts, grind into fine powder, form pills with steamed cake dough the size of mung beans, swallow several pills frequently. ○ (*Bifeng Zaxing Fang*) Clear qi and resolve phlegm: One *liang* each of Baiyaojian and fine tea, five *qian* Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Spike), one *qian* Haipiaoxiao (Cuttlefish Bone), honey-molded pills the size of a corn kernel, hold one pill in mouth per dose, excellent. ○ (*Puji Fang*) Dyeing beard black: One *liang* of Baiyaojian, vinegar-stir-fried Zhen Sha (Cinnabar? Note: likely Iron Oxide or similar mineral pigment contextually, here translated as Needle Sand/Zhensha), half a *liang* buckwheat flour. Wash beard/hair first, brush with vinegar boiled with lotus leaves, wrap in lotus leaf overnight, wash off to turn black, excellent. ○ Another method for brushing teeth to blacken beard: Half a *liang* Baiyaojian, three *qian* Yanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizome), three *qian* Xionghuang (Realgar), grind into powder. First wipe away saliva with ginger, use this powder to brush teeth, rinse with saliva, use daily, very good. This formula also treats toothache radiating to the head. ○ Another method for gum moth-eaten sores: One and a half *qian* each of Baiyaojian, Wubeizi (Gallnut), Qingyan (Halite), one *qian* Tonglv (Malachite), grind into powder, sprinkle on gums two to three times daily, miraculous effect. ○ Another method for men and women with bloody strangury: Three and a half *qian* each of genuine Baiyaojian, Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed), Chao Huanglian (Stir-fried Coptis Rhizome), two *qian* Muxiang (Aucklandia Root), one *qian* Huashi (Talcum), grind into powder, take two *qian* on an empty stomach with lampwick decoction, twice daily. ○ (*Waike Jingyi Fang*) Lianmei Chuang (Eyebrow burning sore)/Tinea/Xiao'er Mianyan Chuang (Childhood facial erosion sore), also known as Lianyin Chuang (Silver-burning sore): Caused by the mother consuming sour/spicy toxic substances during pregnancy. Use five *qian* Baiyaojian, two *qian* raw Baifan (Alum), grind into powder, mix with oil and apply. (*Zhizhi Fang*) Internal pain of intestinal abscess: Red dates burned with pits until carbonized, equal parts Baiyaojian, grind into powder, take one *qian* per dose with warm wine, once daily to achieve effect. (*Shenghui Fang*) Large intestine hematochezia: Equal parts Baiyaojian and Jingjiesui (burned to carbonization), grind into powder, form pills with starch paste the size of wu zi, take fifty pills per dose with rice water. (*Jisheng Fang*) For intestinal wind and zang-du toxin causing bloody stool: Burn Baiyaojian to carbonization, burn Wu Mei (Chebula Fruit) with pits, Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica) not exposed to fire, grind into powder, form pills with water and starch paste the size of wu zi, take seventy pills per dose with rice water. (*Benshi Fang*) Alcoholic dysentery with bloody stool: Equal parts Baiyaojian, Wubeizi (Gallnut), Chen Huaihua (Old Sophora Flower), bake and grind into powder, form pills with wine paste the size of wu zi, take fifty pills per dose with rice water. (*Shengji Zonglu Fang*) Dysentery with rectal prolapse: One piece of Baiyaojian, three aged white plums, one handful of Mugua (Chaenomeles Fruit), decoct in one bowl of water until half remains, take twice daily. (*Shilin Guangji*) Relieve summerheat and quench thirst: Equal parts Baiyaojian and Latea Cha (Wax Tea), mix with pulp of Wu Mei (Chebula Fruit) pounded into paste, form pills the size of a corn kernel, hold one pill in mouth per dose, named Shuipiao Wan.