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Soushu (Desfontainia spinosa), its detailed record is found under the entry for Gouqi (Lycii Cortex).

Xianrenzhang (Elaeagnus multiflora), its detailed record is found under the entry for Gouqi (Lycii Cortex).

Luoyanmu (Desfontainia spinosa), produced in Yazhou. It has a sweet taste and a neutral nature, and is non-toxic. It treats postpartum Qi and Blood pain, as well as internal injuries such as fractures and contusions. Its stems and leaves grow as vines, winding around large trees; the seedlings and leaves are largely similar in shape and color to tea leaves, with no flowers or fruits. Local people harvest the seedlings in the fourth lunar month for medicinal use.

Longyan (Dimocarpus longan), produced in the valleys of Nanhai. Currently, it grows in Fujian, Guangdong, and Shu regions where Litchi chinensis is cultivated. The tree is about two zhang high, resembling Litchi chinensis but with smaller leaves, remaining evergreen through winter. In late spring and early summer, it produces small white flowers, and the fruit matures in July. The shell is greenish-yellow with scales-like patterns, round like a marble. The pit resembles that of Sapindus mukorossi but is not hard; the flesh is white, juicy, and very sweet. The yield is abundant, with thirty to forty fruits per branch. Longyan ripens immediately after Litchi chinensis, so southerners call it "Litchi's Slave" (Zhinu). It is also named Yizhi because its sweet taste enters the Spleen channel and enhances intelligence. Note that Yizhiren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus) listed in the Lower Grade of materia medica is not this substance. *Dongguan Hanji* records: "Nanhai used to tribute Longyan and Litchi chinensis, with stations every ten li and posts every five li, causing hardship due to rapid riding on dangerous roads." During the reign of Emperor He of Han, Tang Qiang from Runan, serving as Magistrate of Linwu Chang County near Nanhai, submitted a memorial describing the situation. The Emperor issued an edict ordering the Taiguan (Imperial Food Office) to cease accepting these tributes, thus ending the practice. It has been highly valued by the world for a long time. Nowadays, people still cherish it, drying it to send to distant places. Northerners consider it a fine fruit, second only to Litchi chinensis.

Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), produced in Jiaozhou and Yuanju. Currently, it is often found in the valleys of Jingxi, Shaanxi, Jianghuai, Hunan, and Sichuan, with those from Zizhou and Longzhou being of the highest quality. The tree is three to four zhang high, with a diameter of one to two chi. It sprouts in spring, leaves resemble Quercus dentata (Ginkgo oak), and remains evergreen throughout the year; it bears red flowers and green fruits. The bark is extremely thick, scaly, and wrinkled; purple and moist ones are preferred, while thin and white ones are inferior. The bark is harvested in March, September, and October, and dried in the shade. *Guangya* calls it "Chongpi" (Double Bark); medical texts sometimes write it as "Nongpi". Zhang Zhongjing treated miscellaneous diseases using Houpo Sanwu Decoction, primarily for abdominal distension with a rapid pulse. Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) 8 liang, Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) 5 pieces, decocted in 12 sheng of water to obtain 5 sheng. Add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 4 liang, and decoct again to obtain 3 sheng. Take 1 sheng warm orally; if abdominal movement occurs, continue taking it; if not, do not take more. Another formula is Houpo Qiwu Decoction, primarily for abdominal pain and distension. Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) 8 liang, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) each 3 liang, Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) 10 pieces, Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) 5 large pieces, Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 2 liang, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 5 liang. Decoct in 10 sheng of water to obtain 4 sheng, strain, and take 8 ge warm, three times daily. For vomiting, add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum) 5 he; for dysentery, remove Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma); for excessive cold, increase Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) to half a jin. Tao Hongjing's Houpo Tang for Huoluan (Cholera): Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) 4 liang (roasted), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 2 liang, Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) 5 pieces, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 3 liang. Cut the four ingredients, decoct in 6 sheng of water to obtain 2 sheng, divide into three doses. Wang Fangqing, Duke of Shiquan, in *Guangnanfang* stated: "This formula not only cures Huoluan (Cholera) but treats various diseases, and must be prepared in advance." This formula runs parallel to Zhizhong Tang, etc. See the entry for Renshen (Ginseng Radix) for that formula.